一种液体的内部分子在各个方向上受到的其他分子的吸引程度是相等的,所以在任何方向上分子都不受到合力（为0）.水表面的水分子被液体内部的其他分子吸引,但是外部并不受到任何吸引力.这使得表面的水分子受到向液体内部的合力,因此,液体的表面总是趋向于变小的状态.而（相对其他形状来说）在球体中,体积最大化时表面积最小.这就是一滴水总是接近球状的原因.想要增大液体的表面积,需要其他能量来克服分子的向心力作用.表面张力正是这种增大一定量液体表面积的需要的能量,表面张力给液体一个皮肤,这个皮肤允许轻小的物体停留在液体表面而不穿透液体.
A molecule within a sample of a liquid is attracted equally
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