1. 一般现在时的被动语态构成：is / am / are + 及物动词的过去分词
Our classroom is cleaned everyday.
I am asked to study hard.
Knives are used for cutting things.
2. 一般过去时的被动语态构成：was / were + 及物动词的过去分词
A new shop was built last year.
Dinosaur eggs were laid long long ago.
3. 现在完成时的被动语态构成：has / have + been + 及物动词的过去分词
This book has been translated into many languages.
Many man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries.
4. 一般将来时的被动语态构成：will+ be + 及物动词的过去分词
A new hospital will be built in our city.
Many more trees will be planted next year.
5. 含有情态动词的被动语态构成：情态动词+ be + 及物动词的过去分词
Young trees must be watered often.
Your mistakes should be corrected right now.
The door may be locked inside.
Your homework can be handed in tomorrow.
6. 现在进行时的被动语态构成：am / is / are + being + 及物动词的过去分词
Uncle Wang is mending my bike now.→
My bike is being repaired by Tom now.
They are planting trees over there. →
Trees are being planted over there by them.
7. 不定式的被动语态：to + be + 及物动词的过去分词
There are two books to be read. →
There are twenty more trees to be planted.
1. Bruce writes a letter every week. →A letter is written by Bruce every week.
2. Li Lei mended the broken bike this morning.→The broken bike was mended by Li Lei this morning.
3. He has written two novels so far.→Two novels have been written by him so far.
4. They will plant ten trees tomorrow.→Ten trees will be planted by them tomorrow.
5. Lucy is writing a letter now.→A letter is being written by Lucy now.
6. You must lock the door when you leave.→the door must be locked when you leave.
1．由that引导的定语从句
一般情况下that可指人或物,可以代替who,whom和which,在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语,但不能作介词的宾语.如：
The comrade that（who）is speaking at the meeting is an advanced worker．正在会上讲话的那个同志是个先进工人.
Is this the doctor that（whom）you talked about yesterday?这就是你们昨天谈论的那位医生吗?
The letter that（which）I received yesterday was from my father．昨天我收到的信是我父亲寄来的.
2．由who,whom和whose引导的定语从句
who在从句中作主语,whom在从句中作宾语,whose在从句中作定语.如：
This is the thief who stole my bike．这就是偷我自行车的那个贼.
He is the boy whom you wanted to find．他就是你想要找的那个男孩.
The girl whose mother is a doctor is waiting for you outside．妈妈是个医生的那个女孩在外面等你.
3．由which引导的定语从句
which指物,在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语.如：
The book which Mum bought me last week is called“Red Star Over China”．妈妈上周买给我的那本书名叫《西行漫记》.
The house which Lu Xun once lived in is now the Lu Xun Museum．鲁迅曾经住过的那所房子现在是鲁迅博物馆.
4．由where,when和why引导的定语从句
where在从句中作地点状语,when在从句中作时间状语,why在从句中作原因状语.如：
I will never forget the day when I joined the League．我永远忘不了我入团的那一天.
He will go back to the school where he studied next week．下周他要回到他曾经学习过的学校.
I don't know the reason why he quarreled with Zhang Lin．我不知道他同张琳吵架的原因.