现在完成时：have∕has + P.P.
⑴ 与just连用,表示刚刚完成的动作或状态（just放在have∕has与P.P.之间）.
I have just had lunch.
He has just finished his homework.
⑵ 表示动作发生在过去,持续到现在,有可能延续到将来,常与since“自从…”（后面跟一点时间）for（后面跟一段时间）连用.
I have learned English since 2000.
He has lived there for 10 years.
⑶ 表示过去的动作对现在的影响.
He has lost his key.
⑷ 与最高级连用,表示“到目前为止最…”
You’re the cleverest girl that I’ve seen.
⑸ 与It∕This the first time that…连用,表示“第一次……”
It∕This is the first time that he has learned English.
⑹ have∕has been to…曾经去过…（已经回来了）
have∕has gone to…去了…（还没回来）
I have been to Shanghai.
Tom has gone to Shanghai.
⑴单数第三人称：
肯：S.三 + has + P.P.+…
否：S.三 + has not (hasn’t) + P.P.+…
肯疑：Has + S.三 + P.P.+…?
Yes,S.三 + has.
No,S.三 + hasn’t.
否疑：Hasn’t + S.三 + P.P.+…?
Yes,S.三 + has.
No,S.三 + hasn’t.
⑵其他人称：
肯：S.+ have + P.P.…
否：S.+ have not ( haven’t ) + P.P.…
肯疑：Have + S.+ P.P.
Yes,S.+ have.
No,S.+ haven’t.
否疑：Haven’t + S.+ P.P.
Yes,S.+ have.
No,S.+ haven’t.
被动语态
be + P.P.( done )
一般现在时：am∕is∕are + P.P.
一般过去时：was∕were + P.P.
一般将来时：will∕shall + be + P.P.
过去将来时：would∕should + be + P.P.
现在进行时：am∕is∕are + being + P.P.
过去进行时：was∕were + being + P.P.
现在完成时：have∕has + been + P.P.
过去完成时：had + been + P.P.
情态动词：情态动词 + be + P.P.
动词不定式：to + be + P.P.