|A-λE|=
3-λ -1 0
-1 2-λ -1
0 -1 3-λ
c1-c3
3-λ -1 0
0 2-λ -1
λ-3 -1 3-λ
r3+r1
3-λ -1 0
0 2-λ -1
0 -2 3-λ
= (3-λ)[(2-λ)(3-λ)-2]
= (3-λ)(λ^2-5λ+4)
= (3-λ)(1-λ)(4-λ)
所以A的特征值为 1,3,4
之后你应该会了
|A-λE|=
3-λ -1 0
-1 2-λ -1
0 -1 3-λ
c1-c3
3-λ -1 0
0 2-λ -1
λ-3 -1 3-λ
r3+r1
3-λ -1 0
0 2-λ -1
0 -2 3-λ
= (3-λ)[(2-λ)(3-λ)-2]
= (3-λ)(λ^2-5λ+4)
= (3-λ)(1-λ)(4-λ)
所以A的特征值为 1,3,4
之后你应该会了