x^3-4x^2y
=x²(x-4y)
x^3+2x^2+x
=x(x²+2x+1)
=x(x+1)²
4a²-1=(2a+1)(2a-1)
m²+n²+2mn-p²
=(m+n)²-p²
=(m+n+p)(m+n-p)