引导名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句或表语从句)时,两者有时会搞混.区别在于:
what在从句中充当主语或宾语.常可翻译成“……的(事/话)”“所……的”.如:
What I like is reading.我所喜欢的是阅读.(在主语从句what I like中,what作like的宾语)
What we need are expienced workers.我们需要的是熟练工.(在主语从句what we need 中,what作need的宾语)
What comes first is a letter in the game.游戏中先出现的是一封信.(在主语从句what comes first中,what作主语)
This is what I hate.这是我所讨厌的.(在表语从句what I hate中,what作hate的宾语)
that在从句中不充当任何成分,只起引导作用.如:
That the earth travels round the sun is true.地球绕着太阳转,这是真理.(主语从句that the earth travels round the sun什么成分都不缺,that只起引导主语从句的作用.)
That fact is that I don't like reading.事实是我不喜欢阅读.(表语从句that I don't like reading什么成分都不缺,that只起引导表语从句的作用.)
另外,that可以引导定语从句,而what不能引导定语从句.