分词作状语,可以表示时间,原因,理由,条件,让步,连续等,相当于一个状语从句.例如：
Not receiving any letter from him,I gave him a call.
由于没有收到他的信,我给他打了个电话.
如果把这个句子变成状语从句,就是：
As I didn't receive any letter from him,I gave him a call.
可以看出：Not receiving any letter from him=As I didn't receive any letter from him
从后的句子可以看出,这个原因状语从句的主语是I,也就意味着 Not receiving any letter from him这个状语的主语就是I,而主句I gave him a call.的主语也是I,
所以说状语逻辑上的主语必须与句子的主语一致.
Given more attention,the trees could have grown better.多给些照顾,那些树会长得更好.
状语从句形式 If more attention was given,the trees could have grown better.可以看出状语从句与主句的主语都是 the trees ,主语一致.
不知道明白否,