The cost is in the collateral damage of the very methods of food production that has made the food cheaper.
1,这句话的前半部分[The cost 是主语is是系动词 in the collateral damage of the very methods of food production是介词短语作表语 其中of the very methods of food production 是定语修饰the collateral damage其中 of food production是定语修饰the very methods]
2,遇到了很多介词短语的时候 应根据其作用判断句子成分
例如这句话中有in 短语包括 后面的of短语 和定从of短语是分别修饰前面的名词的,定从是修饰in后面整个介词宾语的 而整个in短语是说明主语的
3,that has made the food cheaper, that 指的是 the collateral damage