第一句少个with吧,感觉应该是with all that noise going on.1 noise 和 going on 是主谓关系.因为noise可以主动发出go on这个动作.也就是你可以说 noise goes on或者noise is going on.类似的有with time going by等.2 When offered help 的逻辑主语,相当于 When one is offered help 是 one,one和offered是动宾关系.因为句子的意思是 when one is offered help（当一个人被提供帮助时）,再变,即offer one help,offer是动词,而one是宾语.因而称之为动宾关系.还有不懂的就再问吧.
什么叫主谓关系和动宾关系请以1· I could not do my homework all that noise g