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引用别人的话有两种方式,一种是讲述别人的原话,并把它放在引号里,这叫直接引语；另一种是用自己的话来转述别人,并且不能用引号,这就是间接引语.直接引语和间接引语之间可以互相转换.
注意：1、直接引语如果表示客观真理,变间接引语时,时态不变. 2、直接引语若有明确的表示时间的词语,变间接引语时,时态不变. 3、若直接引语中含有could,must,should等情态动词,变间接引语时,时态不变. 4、直接引述别人的原话,叫直接引语. 5、用自己的话转述别人的话,叫间接引语.
编辑本段直接引语变间接引语的五点变化
1.时态变化 直接引语变为间接引语时,若主句为过去时态,变为间接引语的宾语从句的时态如下表： 直接引语 间接引语
一般现在时 一般过去时
一般过去时 过去完成时
一般将来时 过去将来时
现在进行时 过去进行时
现在完成时 过去完成时
过去完成时 过去完成时（不变）
过去进行时 过去进行时（不变）
can could
may might
must must/ had to
eg: "l like English very much,"he said. 他说：“我很喜欢英语.” →He said that he liked English very much. He said, "It would rain soon." 他说：“很快就会下雨.” →He said that it would rain soon. 注意： [1] 若直接引语为客观真理,则变为间接引语时时态不变： The teacher said to us,"Knowledge is power."老师对我们说：“知识就是力量” →The teacher told us that knowledge is power. [2]有时由于直接引语有特定的过去时态状语,变为间接引语时时态也可不变： He said that his daughter was born in 1997."他说：“我的女儿是1997年出生的.” →He said that his daughter was born in 1997. 2时间状语,地点状语,指示代词和动词的变化 直接引语变为间接引语时,有些时间状语,地点状语,指示代词和动词也要作相应的变动.
直接引语 间接引语
时间状语 now 现在 then 那时；当时
时间状语 today 今天 that day 那天
时间状语 tonight 今晚 that night 那天晚上
时间状语 this week 本周 that week 上周
时间状语 yesterday 昨天 the day before前一天
时间状语 the day before yesterday 前天 two days before 前两天
时间状语 two days ago 两天前 three days before 三天前
时间状语 last week 上周 the last week 前一周
时间状语 tomorrow 明天 the next day 第二天
时间状语 next week 下周 the next week 第二个星期
指示代词 this 这 that 那
指示代词 these 这些 those 那些
地点状语 here 这里 there 那里
动词 come 来 go 去
注：直接引语转换成间接引语时的变化应视实际情况而定.假如就在当天转述,today,yesterday,tomorrow等就不需改变；如果在当地转述,here也不必改为there,come也不必改为go.另外,在过去时的引述动词之后,当转述客观真理或是为了表示引述的状态和情况到现在仍是事实时,也经常用一般现在时. 例如：1.He said,"Light travels much faster than sound." 他说：“光的传播速度比声音快多了.” →He said that light travels much faster than sound. 他说光的传播速度比声音快多了. 2.He said,"l'm sleeping now ."他说：“我现在在睡觉.” →He said that he was sleeping then. 各类句子由直接引语变间接引语的方法 1.当直接引语为陈述句时,变为间接引语的方法是：将直接引语变为由that引导的宾语从句,跟在引述的动词之后（that也可以省略）.eg: She said :"My sister doesn't want to come here."她说：“我妹妹不愿意来这.” →She said that her sister didn't want to go there . 3.当直接引语为一般疑问句时,变间接引语的方法：将直接引语变为由 if 或 whether 引导的宾语从句跟在叙述动词之后.eg: "ls everybody here?"the teacher asked.老师问道：“大家都到齐了么?” →The teacher asked if / whether everbody was there. 4.当直接引语为特殊疑问句时,变为间接引语的方法是：将直接引语变为由“疑问词”引导的宾语从句,跟在引述之后.eg: She asked ,:"Where does he live?“ 她问：“你住在哪里?” →She asked where he lived. 5.当直接引语为祈使句时,变为间接引语的方法是：使用ask / tell / order sb. to do sth. 这一结构进行转换,若祈使句为否定式则用ask / tell / order sb. not to do sth., 其中ask, tell, order 的选择要根据句子的语气而定.eg: "Get up early tomorrow , Bill,"he said. 他说：“比尔,明天早点起床.” →He told Bill to get up early the next day. 6.直接引语如果是感叹句,改为间接引语时,改成用疑问代词what或疑问副词how引导的宾语从句.也可以改为that引导的从句. e.g. He said to me ,"What a beautiful park it is." → He told me what a beautiful park it was. 或 He told me that the park was quite beautiful. 1.He said he didn't like that book. 2.She asked if/whether I knew the teacher's name. 3.Tge teacher told/asked us not to play football in that room. 4.Mary asked me to lock the door when I left . 5.The teacher said the People's Republic of China was founded in 1949. 6.He asked how I had finished my job the day before. 7.Mother said (that) I ought to clean the room that day. 8.He said he had been there before I went. 9.She asked when my father would go fishing . 10.He asked me if /whether I wanted to join them. 直接引语转化为间接引语： 一、如何变人称： 下面有一句顺口溜“一随主.二随宾,第三人称不更新”.“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时,如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰.从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如： She said. "My brother wants to go with me. "→She said her brother wanted to go with her. “二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时,若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称.或被第二人你所修饰.从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致.如果引号外的主句没有宾语.也可以用第一人称,如： He said to Kate. "How is your sister now?"→He asked Kate how her sister was then. “第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时.如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如： Mr Smith said. "Jack is a good worker."→Mr Smith said Jack was a good worker. 二、如何变时态： 直接引语在改为间接引语时、时态需要做相应的调整. 现在时它需改为过去时态；过去时态改为完成时；过去完成时则保留原来的时态.如： 1)She said. "I have lost a pen."→She said she had lost a pen 2)She said. "We hope so."→She said they hoped so. 3) She said. "He will go to see his friend."→She said he would go to see his friend. 但要注意在以下几种情况下.在直接引语变为间接引语时,时态一般不变化. ①直接引语是客观真理. "The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth, the teacher told me. → The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth. ②直接引语是过去进行时,时态不变.如： Jack said. "John, where were you going when I met you in the street?"→Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street. ③直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语,变为间接引语时,时态不变.如： Xiao Wang said. "I was born on April 2l, 1980." →Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20, 1980. ④直接引语如果是一般现在时.表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作,变间接引语,时态不变.如： He said, "I get up at six every morning." →He said he gets up at six every morning. ⑤如果直接引语叫做直接引语；一是用自己的话把人家的话转述出来,这叫做间接引语.例如： John said, "I’m going to London with my father." 约翰说："我要和父亲到伦敦去."（引号内是直接引语） John said that he was going to London with his father. 约翰说,他要和他父亲去伦敦.（宾语从句是间接引语） 由直接引语变为间接引语,分以下情况： 1． 直接引语是陈述句时 间接引语为that引导的宾语从句（口语中that可以省略）,主句的引述动词主要有say ,tell, repeat, explain, think等. He said , "You are younger than I."-’He said (that ) I was younger than him. 2.直接引语是疑问句时 间接引语为陈述语序：主句的谓语动词say 改为ask,或改为wonder, do not know, want to know, be not sure, be puzzled等. （1） 一般疑问句或反意疑问句变为if (whether)引导的宾语从句. She said, "Do you often come here to read newspapers?" →She asked me if (或whether)I often went there to read newspapers. She asked me , "You have seen the film, haven’t you?" →She asked me whether(或if )I had seen the film. （2） 选择疑问句变为whether….or 宾语从句. I asked him, "Will you stay at home or go to a film tonight?" →I asked him whether he would stay at home or go to a film that night. (3)特殊疑问句变为由原来的疑问词引导的宾语从句. He asked , "Where do you live?" →He asked me where I lived. 3.直接引语是祈使句时 间接引语为不定式,作ask , tell, beg, order, warn, advise等动词的宾语补足语（don’t 变为not ）. The teacher said to the boy, "Open the window."→The teacher told the boy to open the window. His father said to him , "Don’t leave the door open."→His father told him not to leave the door open. [注意] （1） 有些表示建议、提议、劝告或要求的祈使句,可以用suggest ,insist等动词 加以转述.例如： He said, "Let’s go to the theatre." →He suggested (our )going to the theatre.或He suggested that we(should) go to the theatre. (2) "Would you mind opening the window?" he asked. →He asked me to open the window. "Why don’t you take a walk after supper?" he asked . →he advised me to take a walk after supper. "Shall we listen to the music?" he asked. →He suggested listening to the music. 4.直接引语是感叹句时 间接引语为what 或how 引导,也可以用that 引导. She said, "What a lovely day it is !" →She said what a lovely day it was .或She said that it was a lovely day. 5．如果主句谓语动词为各种现在时或一般将来时,则间接引语中的动词仍保持直接引语原来时态.如果主句谓语动词为过去时,间接引语中的动词时态按下列变化： （1） 一般现在时变为一般过去时 （2） 现在进行时变为过去进行时 （3） 一般将来时变为过去将来时 （4） 现在完成时变为过去完成时 （5） 一般过去时变为过去完成时 （6） 过去完成时不变,仍为过去完成时 [注意] （1） 如果直接引语是表示客观真理时,变为间接引语,一般现在时不改为一般过去时.如： The teacher said "The earth goes round the sun." →The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun. （2） 如果直接引语中有明确表示过时间的状语,变为间接引语时,一般过去时不改为过去完成时.如： He said to me, "I was born in 1973." →He told me that he was born in 1973. (3)如果直接引语所述事实在当时和目前同样生效,变为间接引语时,一般现在时不改为一般过去时.如： He said, "I’m a boy, not a girl." →He said that he is a boy ,not a girl. (4)如果直接引语中的谓语动词表示一种反复出现或习惯动作,在变为间接引语时,一般现在时不改为一般过去时.如： The girl said, "I get up at six every morning." →The girl said that she gets up at six every morning. (5)如果直接引语中含有since, when, while 引导的表示过去时间的状语从句,在变为间接引语时,只改变主句中的谓语动词,从句的一般过去时则不变.如： He said to me, "I have taught English since he came here ." →He told me that he had taught English since he came here.
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