我们知道,some通常用于肯定句,any则用于否定句或疑问句.但随着学习的深入,我们发现,情况并不完全如此,上述说法只能算是对some和any用法的一个不太准确和完整的概括.由于some和any是英语中比较常用的词,我们有必要对其用法作出较完善的归纳.
一、some和any作为形容词或代词,可以用来说明或代替复数名词或不可数名词,表示不定量,意为“一些”,其区别是:对其所说明或代替的名词持肯定态度时,用some;持非肯定(否定或疑问)态度时,用any.
在以下句子中使用some:
1.肯定句(包括肯定的陈述句和祈使句以及反意疑问句中肯定的陈述部分).如:
There are some new books on the teacher's desk.
We have a lot of sugar.Take some with you,please.
He bought some bread,didn't he?
2.持肯定态度的一般疑问句.如:
Are there some stamps in that drawer?
Didn't she give you some money?
3.表示请求或建议的一般疑问句,通常都希望得到对方肯定的答复,所以也用some.如:
May I ask you some questions?
Would you like some tea?
4.特殊疑问句及选择疑问句.因为特殊疑问句和选择疑问句并不对some所说明或代替的名词表示疑问.如:
Where can I get some buttons?
Do you have some pens or pencils?
在以下句子中使用ANY:
1.否定句(包括否定的陈述句和祈使句以及反意疑问句中否定的陈述部分).如:
I can't give you any help now.
Do not make any noise.
There weren't any trees here,were there?
2.含有除not以外的其他否定词或否定结构的句子.如:
Jim hardly makes any mistakes in his homework.
He went to London without any money in his pocket.
She was too poor to buy any new clothes.
3.一般疑问句(持肯定态度的除外).如:
Did she buy any tomatoes yesterday?
I want some paper.Do you have any?
4.条件状语从句.如:
If you are looking for any ink,you can find it on my desk.
If there are any good apples there,get me two kilos,please.
因为条件句“如果……”表达的也是不肯定的态度.所以,如果说话者持肯定的态度或期待得到肯定的答复时,则可以用some.如:
Bring me two pieces of paper if you have some.
5.whether/if(是否)引导的名词从句.如:
It is still unknown whether they have found any proof.
He asked if he could drink any cool water.
二、some还可表示“某些”或用在单数名词前表示“某一个”.any则可用于表示“任何一些”或“(至少3个中)任何一个”,二者均可用于肯定或非肯定的句子中.如:
I don't like some of them.
He is working at some place in the north.
Any criminal(s) will be punished.
You can take any of these.
三、some和any也可作为副词,用于比较级前,表示程度,意为“稍许,几分”,用法与其作形容词或代词表示“一些”时基本相同.如:
He feels some better now.
She was so tired that she could not go any further.
some还可以用在数字之前,意为“大约”.如:
He is some forty years old.
四、由some-和any-构成的复合不定代词和不定副词,其用法区别多与some和any相同.如:
Something is wrong with her eyes.
There is not anybody in this room.
Have you seen it anywhere?
Haven't you forgotten something?(持肯定态度)