The importance of services as a share of overall production and employment increases with growth and development.This expansion in the services-intensity of economies is driven by a number of forces,including final demand factors and basic structural changes in production linked to development.
作为总体生产与雇佣的一部分,服务的重要性也随着增长与发展而日益提升.有几方面的驱动力量推动这种服务密集式经济的扩张,包括终端需求因素以及与发展关联的生产基本结构的改变.
Accelerating this process,recent advances in information and communication technologies are increasingly permitting cross-border,“disembodied” trade in services.The competitiveness of manufacturing firms in open economies is determined in part by access to low-cost and high-quality producer services – telecommunications,transport and distribution services,financial intermediation,etc.
信息与通信技术的近期发展,日益允许服务业的跨境及“非实质”贸易,这也加快了提升过程.开放型经济中制造商的竞争力,部分取决于低成本及高质量的生产服务,如通讯、运输与分拨配送服务、金融中介等等.
In particular,the feasibility of processes linked to outsourcing (also called fragmentation,production sharing and off-shoring) depends on access to and the cost of such services.Additionally,international exchange is increasingly taking the form of trade in tasks as opposed to trade in products,as the production process is sliced into different parts that are performed in different locations (Grossman and Rossi-Hansberg,2008).
特别是对外包（也称作分切生产、共担生产及离岸外包）关联业务流程的可行性,有赖于是否得到这些服务及其成本的高低.同时,鉴于生产流程已被分成几段,在不同地点分别进行,国际交流已从产品贸易日益形成‘任务贸易’的形式（格罗斯曼与罗西-汉斯伯格,2008）.