(1)x的4次方-x的2次方
=x²(x²-1)
=x²(x+1)(x-1)
(2)xy-9x的3次方y
=xy(1-9x²)
=xy(1+3y)(1-3y)
(3)a的3次方(x+y)的2次方-4a的3次方c的2次方
=a³[(x+y)²-4c²]
=a³(x+y+2c)(x+y-2c)
(4)4a的2次方(x-y)+b的2次方(y-x)
=4a²(x-y)-b²(x-y)
=(x-y)(4a²-b²)
=(x-y)(2a+b)(2a-b)
(5)4(a-b)的2次方-(a+b)的2次方
=(2a-2b+a+b)(2a-2b-a-b)
=(3a-b)(a-3b)
(6)(x的2次方+x+1)的2次方-1
=(x²+x+1+1)(x²+x+1-1)
=(x²+x+2)(x²+x)
=x(x+1)(x²+x+2)
(7)x的2次方-6x+9
=(x-3)²
(8)9(x+y)的2次方-6(x+y)+1
=[3(x+y)-1]²
=(3x+3y-1)²
(9)(a的2次方+b的2次方)的2次方-4a的2次方b的2次方
=(a²+b²+2ab)(a²+b²-2ab)
=(a+b)²(a-b)²
(10)5mx的2次方-10mxy+5my的2次方
=5m(x²-2xy+y²)
=5m(x-y)²
(11)-2a的3次方b的2次方+8a的2次方b的2次方-8ab的2次方
=-2ab²(a²-4a+4)
=-2ab²(a-2)²
(12)4(x+y)的2次方+25-20(x+y)
=[2(x+y)-5]²
=(2x+2y-5)²
(13)(a+2b)的2次方-8a(a+2b)+16a的2次方
=(a+2b-4a)²
=(a-2b)²
(14)(x+2)(x-6)+16
=x²-4x-12+16
=x²-4x+4
=(x-2)²
(15)-a的2次方+81
=-(a²-9)
=-(a+9)(a-9)
(16)9y的3次方-4y
=y(9y²-4)
=y(3y+2)(3y-2)
(17)4a的2次方+4ab+b的2次方
=(2a+b)²
(18)x的4次方-1
=(x²+1)(x²-1)
=(x²+1)(x+1)(x-1)
(19)ay的2次方-2a的2次方y+a的3次方
=a(y²-2ay+a²)
=a(y-a)²
(20)(a-b)的2次方-4a的2次方b的2次方
=(a-b+2ab)(a-b-2ab)