句子是按照一定的语法规律组成的,表达一个完整的意义.一个句子一般由两部分构成,即主语部分和谓语部分,这两部分也叫做句子的主要成分.句子的次要成分包括宾语,定语,状语,表语等.句子成分是句子中起一定功用的组成部分. 1)主语:是一句的主体,是全句述说的对象,常用名词,数词或代词担任,一般放于句首.如:Students study. (学生学习.) We are friends.(我们是朋友)这两句话中单词students是个名词,we是代词,它们在句中做主语. 2)谓语:是对主语加以陈述,表示主语的行为或状态,常用动词或者动词词组担任,放在主语的后面.如: Students study. (学生学习.)We are friends. (我们是朋友)这两句话中单词study和are都是动词,study叫做实意动词,are叫做be动词,它们在句中作谓语.3)宾语:表示行为的对象,常由名词或者代词担任.放在及物动词或者介词之后.如:They are teachers. ( 他们是老师.)I play with him. (我和他一起玩.)这两句话中单词teachers是名词,单词him是带词,它们在句中作宾语.4)定语:是用来说明或者限制名词的成分,常用形容词或者相当于形容词的短语或从句担任.形容词放在名词之前,相当于形容词的短语或从句放在名词的后面.如:This is a red sun.(这是个红太阳.)He is a tall boy.(他是个高个子男孩.)这两句话中单词red和 tall都是形容词,它们作定语.5)状语是用来说明动词,形容词,副词或整个句子的成分.常由副词担任.修饰动词时可以放在动词之前,也可以放在动词之后;修饰形容词或副词时放在它们之前.如:The students study hard. (这些学生学习努力.)I often write to him. (我常给他写信.)The bag is too heavy. (这个书包太重了.)这三句话中单词hard 和often修饰的都是动词,第三句话中单词too修饰的是形容词,它们都作状语.6)表语:用来说明主语的性质或状态.一般由名词或者形容词担任.如:This table is long. (这个桌子是长的.)通常情况下,主语和宾语前的成分是定语,谓语前的成分是状语,时间词作状语放在句子后面.句子的成分分布如下:(定语) 主语 (状语) 谓语 (定语) 宾语 (状语)如:(The tall) boy (often) go (to the big) zoo.(The happy) child --- went (his) home yesterday. 请分析下面句子的结构说出各个成分1)I have two elder sisters. (我有两个姐姐.)2) They don't swim very well.(他们游泳不太好.)3) Do you go to school every day? (你每天去上学吗?)4) I really want a cup of tea.(我真的想要一杯茶.) 5) Miss Smith teaches English very well.(史密斯先生教英语非常好.)语法其实并没有一些人想象的那么可怕,其实里面有很多趣味. 第一讲 英语句子成分WARM-UP:1)The teacher in the classroom. 2)Sang many songs and danced happily. 3)She attracts. 4)Many people living in the country. 5)All the books on the desk over there.以上这些形式都不能构成英语句子.英语句子(sentence)=主语+谓语(核心:主动词)英语句子成分歌
英语句子八呀八大块, 主谓宾表真呀真实在;补语跟着宾语表语跑, 定语同位(语)专把名词踹.状语的位置它自由自在, 忽右忽左随心所欲摆.浑身的毛病真呀真不少, 前后乱窜它还会加塞.(RAP)
I.八大成分的概念和构成1.主语(名词代词形):句子的主体,是谓语陈述,说明的对象.If you want the rainbow you have to put up with the rain.不经历风雨,怎么见彩虹.The secret of success is to start from scratch and keep on scratching.成功的秘诀在于从磨练开始,并要坚持不断磨练.充当主语的形式:1)名词2)代词3)名词短语4)名词从句5)数词6)不定式7)-ing形式8)介词短语(少见) 形式主语(名词从句,不定式,动名词)(见第六讲主语和宾语)2.谓语:表示主语的行为或进行的活动.I have a dream.You don’t always want what you need, or need what you want.所需之物未必皆所欲,所欲未必皆所需.谓语形式:动词(英语句子的灵魂)3.宾语:行为或活动的对象,接受者或受影响者.You don’t find opportunities…you make them.你找不到机会.你得去创造机会.You probably won’t hear opportunity knock if your television is always on.如果你常开着电视,你就可能听不到机会的敲门声.充当宾语形式:1)名词2)代词3)名词短语4)名词从句5)数词6)不定式7)-ing形式 形式宾语(名词从句,不定式,动名词)(见第六讲主语和宾语)4.表语:说明主语的身份和情况.(跟在系动词后)Time is money.Three o’clock is always too late or too early for anything you want to do.你想做什么事,三点钟总是太早或太迟.构成形式:1)名词2)形容词3)代词4)数词5)不定式6)ing形式7)过去分词8)副词9)介词短语10)小品词11)名词从句5.补语:补充说明.(由动词类别来决定)构成形式:1)名词2)代词3)形容词4)数词5)不定式6)-ing形式7)过去分词8)介词短语9)副词小品词10)名词从句主语补语
Tom was made monitor.
宾语补语
I made Tom monitor.
表语补语
I am sure to succeed.
6. 定语:对名词性形式进行范围限定.7. This is beautiful music.There are only two kinds of music…good and bad.自古音乐分两种,好的和坏的.构成形式:1)限定词2)形容词3)名词4)数词5)不定式6)-ing形式7)过去分词8)介词短语9)副词10)关系从句8. 同位语:对被修饰对象进行补充说明或进一步解释.Puff, the magic dragon, lived by the sea.构成形式:1)名词2)代词3)名词短语4)数词5)不定式6)-ing形式7)名词从句9. 状语:修饰词,短语,从句和整句.位置:自由自在.1)修饰性状语:修饰动词,形容词,副词等(时间,地点,肯定,否定,程度,频度,方式,伴随,原因,目的,比较等).Can you feel the love tonight?Home never looks so good as when you come back from getting away from it.只有出走又回家时,家才最感亲切.2)连接性状语:连接上下文(顺序,递进,转折,让步,结果,推论,比较).First comes spring, then summer.I’ve never been to America, therefore I don’t know much about it.3)评述性状语:修饰整个句子,表示说话人的看法或态度.Frankly speaking, the food is not very good.