x=1时,a+b+c+d+e+f=(1-3)^5=-32;
x=-1时,-(a-b+c-d+e-f)=(-1-3)^5=-1024,得a-b+c-d+e-f=1024
x=0时,f=-243,所以a-b+c-d+e=1024+f=781