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介词宾语用法归纳
在通常情况下,介词必须有自己的宾语.能充当介词宾语的成分很多.如:
1.名词或代词作介词宾语.如:
He never goes out at night.他晚上从不出去.
Don’t hide behind others.不要躲在别人后面.
The town is beside the sea.城镇坐落在海边.
注意:若是人称代词用作介词宾语,要注意用宾格.如:
He got there before me.他比我先到那儿.(不能用 before I)
2.动名词(短语)作介词宾语.如:
She is quick at learning languages.她学语言学得很快.
He makes a living by teaching.他以教书为生.
In crossing the street he was run over.他在穿过马路时被汽车撞倒.
3.从句作介词宾语.如:
He was surprised at what she said.听到她说的话,他很吃惊.
He began to think about what he would do.他开始考虑他该怎么办.
注意:介词后通常不接that从句,但表示“除外”的介词except 是例外.如:
I know nothing about him except that he is from Paris.我只知道他是来自巴黎,其他的就不知道了.
另外,介词后也不接 if 从句作宾语,遇此情况可用 whether.如:
We are worried about whether he will come.我们担心他是否会来.
4.不定式(短语)作介词宾语.如(from ):
He never did anything but watch TV.除了看电视,他从不干任何事.
It had no effect except to make him angry.除惹他生气外,没产生任何效果.
注意:在通常情况下,介词后接动词应用动名词,不用不定式,但是表示“除外”的介词 except 和 but 是例外,它们的后面接动词时,通常不用动名词,而用不定式.该不定式有时带 to,有时不带 to,情形比较复杂,大致原则是:其前有do,不定式不带to;其前没有do,不定式通常带to.
另外,介词后虽然通常不直接跟不定式作宾语,但却可接“连接代词(副词)+不定式”结构.如:
I bought a book on how to repair cars.我买了一本关于如何修理汽车的书.
5.副词作介词宾语.如:
I can’t stay for long.我不能久呆.
It’s too hot in here.这里面太热了.
I looked everywhere except there.除了那儿,我到处都看过了.
副词用作介词宾语的情况并不常见,通常只限于某些表示时间和地点的副词,而且不同的副词有不同的搭配特点,如可说in here,但不能说come to here.
6.数词作介词宾语.如:
I get up at six.我6点起床(from www.***.com).
He was among the first to arrive.他是第一批到的.
7.介词短语作介词宾语.如:
Choose a book from among these.从这些书中选一本吧.
Suddenly he came out from behind the door.他突然从门后出来.
说明:通常可后接介词短语作宾语的介词有 from,till,until,since,except,instead of 等.