它们都在定语从句中担任句子成分.现分述如下:
1.定语从句如果修饰人,常常用关系代词who,有时也用that(作主语时多用who).例如:
He is a man who / that often helps others.他是一位经常帮助别人的人.
如果这个关系代词在从句中作宾语,就应当用whom或that,但这种情况往往都可以把引导词省略,且在口语中可用who代替whom.例如:
Here is the man (whom / that / who) you would like to see.这就是你想见的那个人.
值得注意的是,如果是在介词的后面就只能用whom.例如:
The boy to whom I spoke is my brother.刚才和我说话的那个男孩是我弟弟.
如果表示“……的”时,就用who的所有格whose.例如:
whose的先行词也可是物.例如:
The house whose windows face the street is my uncle‘s.窗户面朝街的那座房子是我叔叔的.
2.定语从句如果修饰“物”,用关系代词that的时候较多,有时也用which.例如:
It‘s a computer which / that costs six thousand yuan.这是一台价值六千元的电脑.
当这个代词在从句中用作宾语时,往往都会把它省略.例如:
The present(that / which) you gave me is very beautiful.你给我的那件礼物非常漂亮.
在介词的后面只能用which.例如:
This is the book about which they are talking.这就是他们正在谈论的那本书.
3.定语从句修饰一个表示时间的词时,用关系副词when.例如:
I will never forget the day when I met her.我将永远不会忘记我见到她的那一天.
4.定语从句修饰地点名词时,用关系副词where.例如:
This is the place where we lived for five years.这就是我们曾经住过五年的地方.
5.定语从句修饰一个表示原因的词时,用关系副词why.例如: