大多数形容词(性质形容词)和副词有比较级和最高级的变化,即原级、比较级和最高级,用来表示事物的等级差别.原级即形容词的原形,比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种.
1)规则变化
单音节词和少数双音节词,加词尾-er、-est来构成比较级和最高级.
构成法原级比较级最高级
一般单音节词
末尾加-er,-est
tall(高的)tallertallest
great(巨大的)greatergreatest
以不发音的e结尾
的单音词和少数
以-
le结尾的双音
节词只加-r,-stnice(好的)nicernicest
large(大的)largerlargest
able(有能力的)
ablerablest
以一个辅音字母
结尾的闭音节单
音节词,双写结尾
的辅音字母,
再加-er,-estbig(大的)biggerbiggest
hot(热的)hotterhottest
“以辅音字母+y”
结尾的双音节词,
改y为i,
再加-er,-esteasy(容易的)easiereasiest
busy(忙的)busierbusiest
少数以-er,-ow
结尾的双音节词
末尾加-er,-estclever(聪明的)cleverer
cleverest
narrow(窄的)narrower
narrowest
其他双音节词和
多音节词,在前
面加more,most
来构成比较级和
最高级.mportant(重要的)
more
important
most important
easily(容易地)
more easily
most
easily
2)不规则变化
原级比较级最高级
good(好的)/betterbest
well(健康的)
bad(坏的)/worseworst
ill(有病的)
old(老的)older/elderoldest/eldest
much/many(多的)moremost
little(少的)lessleast
far(远的)farther/furtherfarthest/furthest
weak:→
weaker,→ weakest
angry:→ angrier→ angriest
famous:→more famous,→ most
famous
quick:→ quicker →quickest
early:→ earlier →earliest
free
→freer(freeer这个不常用)→ freest
calm→ calmer →calmest
wild →wilder→ wildest
serious→ more serious→ most serious
athletic→ more athletic →most
athletic
necessary→ more necessary →most necessary
poor→poorer→poorest fast→faster→fastest
fast→faster→fastest
big→bigger→biggest
hot→hotter→hottes
dry→drier→driest
不规则变化:
good / well→better→best
bad / ill→worse→worst
many /
much→more→most
little→less→least
late→later→ / latest
late→latter→last
far→farther→farthest
far→further→furthest