关系代词
1) 关系代词用来引导定语从句.它代表先行词,同时在从句中作一定的句子成分,例如:The girl to whom I spoke is my cousin.跟我讲话的姑娘是我表妹.(该句中whom既代表先行词the girl,又在从句中作介词to的宾语.)
2) 关系代词有主格,宾格和属格之分,并有指人与指物之分.在限定性定语从句中,that 可指人也可指物,见表:
限定性 非限定性 限定性
指 人 指 物 指人或指物
主 格 who which that
宾 格 whom that that
属 格 whose of which/whose of which/whose
例如:
This is the pencil whose point is broken.
这就是那个折了尖的铅笔.
(whose 指物,在限定性定语从句中作定语)
He came back for the book which he had forgotten.他回来取他丢下的书.
(which指物,在限定性定语从句中作宾语,可以省略)
3) 关系代词which的先行词可以是一个句子,例如:
He said he saw me there,which was a lie.
他说在那儿看到了我,纯属谎言.
说明:关系代词that在从句中作宾语或表语时可省略,例如:
I've forgotten much of the Latin I once knew.
我过去懂拉丁语,现在大都忘了.
He's changed.He's not the man he was.
他变化很大,已不是过去的他了.
Cove with me,first clean the computer and then the window