a^2+1/a^2
=a^2+1/a^2+2-2
=(a+1/a)^2-2
=4^2-2
=16-2
=14
a^4+1/a^4
=a^4+1/a^4+2-2
=(a^2+1/a^2)^2-2
=14^2-2
=196-2
=194