The work which Thomas Masthus is still most widely known for (定语从句,译为Thomas Masthus最广为人知的工作) is his Essay on
the principle of Population (一篇论文即《人口论》),which first appeared in 1798(which引导的定语从句,修饰《人口论》,译为“首次在1798年发表的).
完整翻译:Thomas Masthus最广为人知的工作是1798年首次发表的《人口论》.
这个句子的难点是be known for 这一短语,即”因为.而为人所知“,文中把for 提到which前面了.
这里只涉及定语从句,不涉及宾语从句.简略来看就是:The work(修饰成分) is 人口论(修饰成分).