规则过去式一览表

1个回答

  • 动词过去式和过去分词的变化规则

    动词过去式和过去分词有规则变化和不规则变化两种.

    1) 规则变化

    情况 例词 读音与说明

    动词原形 过去式 过去分词

    一般在动词原形后加-ed look

    call

    open

    need looked

    called

    opened

    needed looked [lukt]

    called [kC:ld]

    opened [5EupEnd]

    needed [ni:did] ①-ed在清辅音音素后

    发音为〔t〕,在浊辅音后发音为〔d〕,在元音后发音也为[d]

    ②-ed在〔t]、〔d〕

    后发音为[id]

    ③但fix的过去式和过去

    分词x不双写,为fixed.

    以-e结尾的动词加-d move

    phone

    hope

    agree moved

    phoned

    hoped

    agreed moved [mu:vd]

    phoned [fEund]

    hoped [hEupt]

    agreed [E5^ri:d]

    以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,变y为i,

    再加-ed study

    carry

    try studied

    studied

    carried studied [5stQdid]

    carried [5kArid]

    tried [traid]

    以原音字母加y结尾的词,直接加-ed play

    enjoy

    stay played

    enjoyed

    stayed played [pleid]

    enjoyed [in5dVCid]

    stayed [steid]

    末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词,双写该辅音字母,再加-ed stop

    plan

    fit stopped

    planned

    fitted stopped [stCpt]

    planned [plAnd]

    fitted [5fitid]

    以-r音节结尾的词,双写r字母,

    再加-ed prefer

    refer preferred

    referred preferred [prI`f:d]

    referred [ri5fE:]

    2) 不规则变化

    英语中有些动词的过去式和过去分词形式变化不规则,可分为五种情况.

    1.动词原形、过去式和过去分词完全同形.

    例:

    原形 过去式 过去分词

    cut(切)

    hit(打)

    cast(扔)

    hurt(伤害)

    put(放)

    let(让)

    shut(关)

    cost(花费)

    set(放)

    rid(清除) cut

    hit

    cast

    hurt

    put

    let

    shut

    cost

    set

    rid cut

    hit

    cast

    hurt

    put

    let

    shut

    cost

    set

    rid

    2.过去式与过去分词完全同形.

    例:

    原形 过去式 过去分词

    find(找到)

    pay(支付)

    leave(离开)

    lend(借出)

    meet(遇见)

    keep(保持)

    lose(丢失)

    teach(教)

    sit(坐)

    lead(引导)

    win(赢)除) found

    paid

    left

    lent

    met

    kept

    lost

    taught

    sat

    led

    won found

    paid

    left

    lent

    met

    kept

    lost

    taught

    sat

    led

    won

    3.动词原形与过去分词同形

    例:

    原形 过去式 过去分词

    come(来)

    run(跑)

    become(成为) came

    ran

    became come

    run

    become

    4.动词原形、过去式、过去分词形式完全不同.

    例:

    原形 过去式 过去分词

    give(给)

    fly(飞)

    drink(喝)

    see(看见)

    go(去)

    know(知道)

    wear(穿)

    speak(说) gave

    flew

    drank

    saw

    went

    knew

    wore

    spoke given

    flown

    drunk

    seen

    gone

    known

    worn

    spoken

    5.过去式和过去分词有两种形式

    例:

    原形 过去式 过去分词

    burn(燃烧) burned

    burnt burned

    burnt

    learn(学习) learned

    learnt learned

    learnt

    smell(闻) smelled

    smelt smelled

    smelt

    spell (拼写) spelled

    spelt spelled

    spelt

    shine (照射) shined

    shone shined

    shone

    leap (跳) leaped

    leapt leaped

    leapt

    提示

    a. beat的过去式与原形同形:

    比:beat(打击) beat(过去式) beaten(过去分词)

    b. lie有规则变化和不规则变化两种,含义不同

    比:lie lied, lied(说谎)

    lay, lain(躺,位于)

    c. hang 有规则变化和不规则变化两种,含义不同

    比:hang hanged, hanged(处绞刑)

    hung, hung(挂,吊)

    d. welcome(欢迎)一词是规则动词,不可误用为不规则动词

    比:welcome welcomed, welcomed(正)

    welcome, welcome(误)

    e.不要将不规则动词误用为规则动词

    比:hit(打) hit, hit(正)

    hitted, hitted(误)

    6 现在分词的变化规则

    规则 动词原形 现在分词及发音

    一般在动词原形词尾加-ing,-ing发音为 [iN] go

    push

    play

    carry going [5^EuiN]

    pushing [5puFiN]

    playing [pleiiN]

    carrying [5kAriiN]

    以不发音的e结尾的动词,先去掉e,再加-ing take

    write

    leave taking [5teikiN]

    writing [5raitiN]

    leaving [5li:viN]

    重读闭音节结尾的动词,如果词尾只有一个辅音字母,要将该辅音字母双写,再加-ing cut

    stop

    fit

    begin

    forget cutting [5kQtiN]

    stopping [5stCpiN]

    fitting [5fitiN]

    beginning [bi5^iniN]forgetting [fE5^etiN]

    以ie结尾的动词,要把ie改为y,再加-ing lie

    die

    tie lying [5laiiN]

    dying [5daiiN]

    tying [5taiiN]