The Portuguese give a great deal of credit to one man for having promoted sea
travel, that man being Prince Henry the navigator, who lived in the 15th century
having promoted sea travel是动名词的完成形式 作介词宾语 表示动作发生在 谓语动词之前
for having promoted sea travel,是介词短语 作原因状语
that man being Prince Henry the navigator是独立主格结构,
who lived in the 15th century是非限制性定语从句