19.2 句子结构的省略
有些句子结构可省略.
1)有些句子结构可省去主语和谓语.如:
(1)Anything not to have to do it.只要不去做此事,怎么都行.(anything之前省去了I’ll do)
(2)A word about your composition.我现在谈一下你的作文.(a word之前省去了I’ll say)
2)有些省略结构可省去主语和连系动词.如:
(3)—How are you?
—Fine,think you.很好,(fine之前省去了I am)
(4)Though tired,he was not disheartened.他虽然累了,但没有泄气.(tired之前省去了he was)
(5)Too bad we don’t have time.真糟糕,我们没有时间.(too bad之前省去了it is)
there be结构中亦可省去there be.如:
(6)Anybody in?里面有人吗?(anybody之前省去了is there)
(7)It was a great time.Offers of jobs poured in.Lots of them.那是一个伟大的时期.聘请工作的信雪片似的飞来.多得很.(lots of them之前省去了there are)
3)有些省略结构可省去主语和助动词.如:
(8)When rescued,he was almost dead.当他得救时,已经差一点死了.(when之后省去了主语he和助动词was)
(9)Tom was attacked by cramp while swimming across the river.汤姆游泳过河时抽了筋.(while之后省去了主语和助动词he was)
(10)See you later.再见.(see之前省去了I’ll)
(11)Got a light?有火吗?(句首省去了have you)
4)有些省略结构只保留主语和助动词,其余皆被省略.如:
(12)—Have you finished your work?你的工作干完了吗?
—Yes,I have.是,干完了.(只保留主语和助动词I have)
(13)—Can he swim?他会游泳吗?
—Yes,he can.是,他会.(只保留主语和助动词he can)
有时还保留疑问词.如:
(14)How could you?你怎么能这样说话?(不但保留主语和助动词could,而且保留疑问词how.You后省去say so)
5)有些省略结构只保留一个句子成分.如:
(15)—Who did it?谁做了此事?
—Oscar.奥斯卡.(只保留主语)
(16)—What did you get?你买什么了?
—A dictionary.一本字典.(只保留宾语)
(17)—What did you think of the film?你觉得那个电影如何?
—Very interesting.很有意思.(只保留表语)
(18)—How do you like me?你喜欢我吗?
—Very much.非常喜欢.(只保留状语)
(19)Wait!等一等!(只保留谓语)
(20)—What kind of pencil do you want?你要什么样的铅笔?
—Red.红的.(只保留定语)
6)有些省略结构可省去从句.如:
(21)You would do the same.你也会这样做的.(省去了从句if you were in my position)
(22)You have done better this time.这一次你做得好些了.(省去从句than you did before)
(23)—Where is my cat?我的猫在哪儿?
—How should I know?我怎么知道?(省去了从句where your cat is)
(24)Oh,that reminds me.噢,这使我想起了一件事.(me之后省去了that从句,其内容由具体情况而定)
7)有些省略结构可省去整个句子.如:
(25)—Are you all right?你没有受伤吗?
—Yes.没有.(yes之后省去了整句I’ll all right)
(26)—Are you coming?你来吗?
—No.不.(no之后省去了整句I’m not coming)