请问如何区分非限制性定语从句,同位语,定语从句?

1个回答

  • 限制性和非限制性定语从句

    1) 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种.限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分,去掉它主句意思往往不明确;非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明,去掉了也不会影响主句的意思,它与主句之间通常用逗号分开,例如:

    This is the house which we bought last month.这是我们上个月买的那幢房子.(限制性)

    The house,which we bought last month,is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮,是我们上个月买的.(非限制性)

    2) 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时,其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的,例如:

    Charles Smith,who was my former teacher,retired last year.查理·史密斯去年退休了,他曾经是我的老师.

    My house,which I bought last year,has got a lovely garden.我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园.

    This novel,which I have read three times,is very touching.这本小说很动人,我已经读了三遍.

    3) 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词,对其进行修饰,这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数,例如:

    He seems not to have grasped what I meant,which greatly upsets me.他似乎没抓住我的意思,这使我心烦.

    Liquid water changes to vapor,which is called evaporation.液态水变为蒸汽,这就叫做蒸发.

    说明:关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句.

    同位语从句与定语从句的区别

    (1) 定语从句中的that既代替先行词,同时以在从句中作某个成分(主语或宾语),而同位语从句中的that是连词,只起连接主句与从句的作用,不充当句中任何成分.

    (2) 定语从句是形容词性的,其功能是修饰先行词,对先行词加以限定,描述定的性质或特征;同位语从句是名词性的,其功能是对名词进行补充说明.例如:

    1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.(他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国.)(第一个that引导的从句是定语从句,that在从句中作宾语)

    2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.(汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的.)(同位语从句,that在句中不作任何成分)