一.动词+ed/d
1. 直接在词尾加-ed.如: want—wanted, work—worked, need—needed, clean—cleaned
2. 以不发音的e结尾的在词尾加-d.如：like—liked, live—lived, use—used, move—moved
3. 以一个元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词,先双写结尾的辅音字母,再加-ed.如：stop—stopped, trip—tripped
4. 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,先把y变成i,再加-ed.如：study—studied, carry—carried, hurry—hurried, marry—married
不规则动词的过去式
1. 以t结尾的词,过去式与原形相同.如：put—put, let—let, cut—cut, beat—beat
2. 以d结尾的词,把d变成t.如:build—built, lend—lent, send—sent, spend—spent
3. 以n结尾的词,在词后加t.如：mean—meant, burn—burnt, learn—learnt
4. 以ow / aw结尾的词,把ow / aw变成ew.如：blow—blew, draw—drew, know—knew, grow—grew
5. 含有双写字母的词,将双写改为单写,在词尾加t.如：keep—kept, sleep—slept, feel—felt, smell—smelt
6. 含有元音字母o / i的词,将o / i变成a.如：sing—sang, give—gave, sit—sat, drink—drank
二 动词+s/es即单三型
特邀回答的答案
一般情况 加 -s 1.清辅音后读/s/; map-maps
2.浊辅音和元音后 bag-bags
读 /z/; car-cars
以s,sh,ch,
x等结尾的词 加 -es 读 /iz/ bus-buses
watch-watches
以ce,se,ze,
(d)ge等结尾
的词 加 -s 读 /iz/ license-licenses
以辅音字母+y 变y 为i
结尾的词 再加es 读 /z/ baby---babies
动词第三人称单数
一、动词第三人称单数的变化规则及发音规律
动词原形变第三人称单数的规则与发音规律同名词单数变复数大致相同,请认真观察.
1、大多数动词在词尾加“S”在清辅音后发音为[s],在浊辅音及元音后发音为 [z].如：
①stop－stops [s] ; make－makes [s]
②read－reads [z] ; play－plays [z]
2、以辅音字母加“y”结尾的,要先将“y”变为“i”,然后在加“es”读[iz] 如：
fly－flies [z]； carry－carries [z]
study－studies [z]; worry－worries
3、以“s, x, ch, sh”结尾的,在词尾加“es”,发音为[iz] 如：
teach－teaches [iz]; watch－watches [iz]
4、以“o”结尾的动词,加“es”,读[z] 如：
go－goes [z] do－does [z]
下面几个动词变为单数时,原词的元音部分的发音发生了较大的变化,请注意记忆. 如：
1、do [du:]－does [dz]
2、say [sei]－says [sez]
以不发音字母“e”结尾的开音节词,如果尾音是[s],[z]时,加“s”后字母“e”发音, 与所加“s”
一起读做[iz]. 如：
close－closes [iz]
二、对比词形变化中原词词尾变化之异同： 变“y”为“i”现象 双写最后辅音字母现象
例词：
①baby－babies
②carry－carries
③study－studies
动词+ing 即现在分词
动词现在分词由动词原形在词尾加ing构成,其规则如下：
构成规则 例词
一般情况下直接加ingthink---thinking
sleep---sleeping
study---studying
speak---speaking
say---saying
carry---carrying
以不发音的字母e结尾的单词,去掉字母e,再加ingwake---waking
make---making
come---coming
take---taking
leave---leaving
have---having
以重读闭音节结尾,呈现“辅,元,辅”结构的动词,先双写末尾的辅音字母,再加ing
stop---stopping
sit---sitting
run---running
forget---forgetting
begin---beginning
以ie结尾的动词,把ie改为y ,再加ing die---dying
lie---lying
以重读闭音节结尾,呈现“辅,元,辅”结构的动词,先双写末尾的辅音字母,再加ing .初中学过的这类词有：bigin,cut, get,
hit, run, set, sit, spit, stop, swim, beg, drop, fit, nod, dig,
forget, regret, rid, 等.
travel虽然重读第一音节,词尾音节不重读,但是现在分词仍要双写末尾辅音字母,然后再加ing
,如：travel---travelling.初中阶段此类词只有这一个.
四、形容词副词比较级最高级
英语中大多数形容词是可以分级的,一般有三个等级：原级,比较级和最高级.
原级
形容词的本来形式就是形容词的原级.用原级进行比较时可以使用下面两种结构：
1. 表示比较的双方相等,用”as…as”结构,表示“前者像后者一样”,即
A + be + as + 形容词原级 + as + B.
e.g. John is as tall as his brother.
2. 表示比较的双方不相等,用”not as…as”结构,表示“前者不如后者”,即
A + be + not as + 形容词原级 + as + B.
e.g. John is not as tall as his brother.
比较级
当把一个人或物同另外一个人或物比较时,就需要用到形容词比较级.其结构是：
A + be + 形容词比较级 + than + B.
e.g. Jackei is taller than Alex, but Alex is heavier than Jackei
最高级
三者或者三者以上的人或物进行比较时,需要使用形容词的最高级.其结构是：
A + be + the 形容词最高级 + of / in + 比较范围.
(Note: 形容词最高级前面要加 定冠词 the)
e.g. Jackei is the tallest in our class. or
Jackei is the tallest of all the students.
形容词不同级别的变化
1. 规则形容词的变化
ID
构成方式
原级
比较级
最高级
1
一般情况,直接加词尾 –er 或者 –est
tall
young
taller
younger
tallest
youngest
2
以 e 结尾的,加 –r 或 –st
nice
large
nicer
larger
nicest
largest
3
以辅音字母+y 结尾的,把 y → i, 再加 –er 或 –est
happy
busy
happier
busier
happiest
busiest
4
以重读闭音节(辅元辅结构)结尾的,双写结尾的辅音字母,再加 –er 或 –est .
big
hot
thin
bigger
hotter
thinner
biggest
hottest
thinnest
5
双音节或多音节的形容词可以在形容词原级前直接加 more / less或most / least 构成形容词的比较级和最高级
useful
careful
difficult
expensive
more useful
more careful
more difficult
less expensive
most useful
most careful
most difficult
least expensive
2. 不规则形容词的变化
ID
原级
比较级
最高级
1
good
better
best
2
well
better
best
3
bad
worse
worst
4
many
more
most
5
much
more
most
6
little
less
least
7
far
farther , further
farthest , furthest
8
few
fewer
fewest
9
old
older , elder
oldest , eldest
补充
用于不可数名词
用于可数名词
表示多
much
more
the most
many
more
the most
表示少
little
less
the least
few
fewer
the fewest
e.g.
1. Have you got any chocolate?
I haven’t got much.
I’ve got more than you have.
I’ve got the most.
2. Have you got any chocolate?
I’ve got very little.
I’ve got less than you have.
I’ve got the least.
3. Have you made any mistakes?
I haven’t made many.
I’ve made more than you have.
I’ve made the most.
4. Have you made any mistakes?
I’ve made very few.
I’ve made fewer than you have.
I’ve made the fewest.