y'+x=√(x^2+y)
设√(x^2+y)-x=u,
x^2+y=x^2+2xu+u^2
y'=2u+2xu'+2uu' 代入得:
u=2u+2xu'+2uu'
u'=-u/(2u+2x)
或:dx/du+2x/u=-2
这是x作为函数、u作为变量的一阶线性微分方程,由通解公式:
x=(1/u^2)(C-(2/3)u^3)
xu^2+(2/3)u^3=C 代入√(x^2+y)-x=u:
C=(2/3)u^2(3x/2+u)
=(2/3)(√(x^2+y)-x)^2(x/2+√(x^2+y))
C=(2/3)[(x^2+y)-2x√(x^2+y)+x^2](x/2+√(x^2+y))
=(2/3)(x(x^2+y)/2+(x^2+y)^(3/2)-x^2√(x^2+y)-2x(x^2+y)+x^3/2+x^2√(x^2+y))
=(2/3)((x^2+y)^(3/2)-x^3-(3/2)xy)