首先,名词或其短语可代替介词短语修饰动词,如：x0b (1) Member countries began their ministerial meeting on Monday.→Member countries began their ministerial meeting Monday.x0b (2) Those fashionable cars were made in Japan.→Those fashionable cars were Japan made.x0b (3) Tom is heavier than his brother by five pounds.→Tom is five pounds heavier than his brother.x0b 其次,名词或其短语可以代替副词分句修饰动词或形容词,如：x0b (4) The metal sheets are as thin as paper.→The metal sheets are paper thin.x0b (5) The water has turned as pink as rose.→The water has turned rose pink.x0b 名词或名词短语修饰动词的语意有三：x0b ⒈表示程度 x0b 这类修饰语大多数是表示数或量的名词.