1.名词所有格
名词如要表示与后面名词的所有关系,通常用名词所有格的形式,意为"……的".一般有以下几种形式:
(1).一般情况下在词尾加"'s".例如:Kate's father Kate的爸爸
my mother's friend 我妈妈的朋友
(2).如果复数名词以s结尾,只加"'".例如:
Teachers' Day 教师节
The boys' game 男孩们的游戏
(3).如果复数名词不以s结尾,仍加"'s".例如:
Children's Day 儿童节
Women's Day 妇女节
(4).表示两个或几个共有时,所有格应加在后一个名词上.例如:
Lucy and Lily's room Lucy 和Lily的房间
Kate and Jim's father Kate 和Jim的爸爸
动物和无生命事物的名词的所有格一般不在词尾加"'s",而常常用介词of的短语来表示.
a map of China 一幅中国地图
the name of her cat 她的猫的名字
a picture of my family 我的家庭的一张照片
the door of the bedroom 卧室的门
2.祈使句
祈使句主要用来表示说话人的请求、命令、建议、叮嘱等意图.祈使句一般不用主语,读时用降调.为使语气委婉、礼貌,常在句首或句尾加please .在句尾时,please前多用逗号.
(1).祈使句肯定形式的谓语动词一律用动词原形.
Go and see.去看看.
Come in,please.请进.
(2).祈使句的否定形式常用don't于句首.
Don't look at your books.不要看书.
Don't play on the road.不要在马路上玩.
3.There be 的句子结构
There be是一个"存在"句型,表示"有"的意思,
肯定句的形式为:There be + 名词(单数或复数)+地点状语或时间状语.
be动词单复数的确定,看be后边第一个名词,当所接主语为单数或不可数名词时,be动词形式为is;当所接主语为复数名词时,be动词为are;当be动词后接两个以上主语时,be动词与最临近主语保持数上的一致.意思为"某地有某人或某物".如:
There is an eraser and two pens on the desk.桌子上有一块橡皮和两支钢笔.
There are two pens and an eraser on the desk.桌上有两支钢笔和一块橡皮.
(1)there be的否定句,即在be的后面加上not.
否定形式为:There be + not + (any) + 名词+地点状语.
There is not any cat in the room.房间里没猫.
There aren't any books on the desk.桌子上没书.
(2)there be句型的疑问句就是将be提到句首:Be there + (any) +名词+地点状语?肯定回答:Yes,there is / are.否定回答:No,there isn't / aren't.
---Is there a dog in the picture?画上有一只狗吗?
---Yes,there is.有.
---Are there any boats in the river?河里有船吗?
---No,there aren't.没有.
(3)特殊疑问句:How many ...are there (+地点状语)?"某地有多少人或物?"回答用There be ...
There's one./ There are two / three / some ...
有时直接就用数字来回答.One./ Two ...
---How many students are there in the classroom?教室里有多少学生?
---There's only one./ There are nine.只有一个./有九个.
(4)如果名词是不可数名词,用:How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 地点状语?
How much water is there in the cup?杯中有多少水?
How much food is there in the bowl?碗里有多少食