as a discovery claim works its way through the community【当一个理论和学说通过学术界（即其他科学家）的证实和肯定的过程时,
as：当.时
除去这个词组后,主语为a discovery claim; 谓语为works its way】
the interaction and confrontation between shared and competing beliefs abouts the science and the technology involved ttransforms an individual's discovery claim into the community's credible discovery.
【这一句其实是普通的主谓宾句式.
a)主语:the interaction and confrontation between shared and competing beliefs abouts the science and the technology involved(意思是说,在通过学界的验证过程中,不同科学家会对这个理论学说提出各自的质疑和肯定,在求证的过程中,这些有关科学技术的不同观点互相竞争,同时也可能得出相似的结论----这些观点的碰撞和融合就是交流(interaction and confrontation))也就是说:between...involved只是修饰真正的主语the interaction and confrontation
b)谓语:transforms.into ,动词词组
c)宾语:an individual's discovery claim into the community's credible discovery.
（意思是所在以上交流和竞争的过程中,个人的理论学说最终会发展成人类的一个完整科学成果和发现,从而推动科学界发展）】
希望可以帮到你:)