这两道题属于英语倒装句范畴语法问题.具体分析如下:
第一题是典型的There be句型的变体.英语中为了把"有,存在"表达的更生动形象,常用其他系动词或者不及物动词来代替be.例如(请对比同一句话中用be和另外动词的表达效果):
There is/lies a river in front of my house.
There is/stands a tall tree behind our classroom.
Once upon a time,there was/lived an artist who loved drawing horses.
第二题是为了使句子显得平衡而采用了倒装语序.如果不倒装,主语部分是the hour we had been looking forward to,而谓语只有came,连接起来即:The hour we had been looking forward to came.读这个未倒装的句子是不是有种头重脚轻的感觉呢?因此,用倒装语序来解决这样的问题.
汉语中也常有类似现象,比如我们经常听到媒体播音员说:"出席大会的有.(可能接下来有数个,数千个姓名),而不是读完众多姓名后再说".出席了会议"
另外再给你个类似的英文句子加深理解:
Word came that the general would be here inspecting the army.(word在此意思是"消息")
有消息说./消息传来...