在英语中通常用下列方式表示的词：在形容词或副词前加more(如 more natural,more clearly )或加后缀 -er(newer,sooner ).典型的是指形容词或副词所表示的质、量或关系的增加.英语句子中,将比较两个主体的方法叫做“比较句型”.其中,像“A比B更……”的表达方式称为比较级.组成句子的方式是将形容词或副词变化成比较级的形态.
比较级的构成一、形容词级的构成
1.单音节形容词的比较级以及以-ly,-er,-ow结尾的形容词在词尾加-er；以e结尾的形容词在词尾直接加-y构成.dark→darker; quick→quicker; early→earlier; clever→cleverer; simple→simpler; narrow→narrower.
2.多音节形容词的比较级在其前加more构成.important→more important; beautiful→more beautiful.
3.表语形容词以及由分词变来的形容词,在其前加more构成.afraid →more afraid; interesting→more interesting; pleased→more pleased.
4.少数形容词的比较级是不规则的.
good→better; bad→worse; far→farther / further.
比较级的基本句型 （一） 原级比较
1.由“．．．as + 形容词 + as．．．”或“．．．as + 形容词 + 名词 + as．．．”构成.
My grandpa is as energetic as a young man.
Exercise is as useful a way as any other to lose unwanted weight.
I try to find as much information as I can about what happened.
2.由“．．．not so (as) + 形容词 + as．．．”或“．．．not so (as) + 形容词 + 名词 + as．．．”构成.
Luckily the weather was not so wet as it is today.
（二）不同级比较
1.由“……形容词比较级 + than．．．”构成.
He is more concerned about others than about himself.
2.由“．．．many / much more + 可数 / 不可数名词+ than．．．”
My friend earned much more money than I did last year.
有关比较级的特殊句型 1.“比较级 ＋ and + 比较级”或“more and more / less and less + 原级”结构表示“越来越……”的意思,与这类结构搭配的常用动词有grow,get,become等.
She felt herself becoming more and more nervous.
As the winter is drawing near,it's getting colder and colder.
2.the + 比较级 + of the two + 名词.
Jane is the taller of the two children in our family.
3.“the + 比较级……,the + 比较级……”,表示“越……,越……”.
The more magazines you sell,the more money you will get.
4.“否定 + 比较级” 相当于最高级.
— Wait until we get a satisfactory reply,will you?
— I couldn't agree more.The idea sounds great to me.
5.“a + 比较级 + 名词（than．．．）” 结构常出现在以never构成的完成时态的动词后面.
How beautifully she sings!I have never heard a better voice.
6.倍数表示法：．．．times as + 形容词原级 + as．．．；
．．．times + 形容词比较级 + than．．．；．．．times the + 性质名词 + of．．．.
The dining hall is three times as large as that one.
The dining hall is three times larger than that one.
The dining hall is three times the size of that one.
比较级应注意的问题1.为了避免重复,常用the one代替单数可数名词,the ones,those 代替复数名词,that 代替单数或不可数名词.
2.当比较对象属于同一范围时,需使用other来排除自身,否则会造成与自身相比较的矛盾.
Canada is larger than any other country in North America.
4.“no + 形容词的比较级 + than”结构表达对两者均否定.
Don't be proud so early.You are no better than me．
5.比较级前面可以用even,still,yet ,any,much,rather,a little,a lot,by far等修饰语用以加强语气或表示比较程度.