Question

1------by the snake,the little girl crying loudly.

Answer 1

1.后句中漏了be 动词,is 或 was crying loudly.

Frightened by the snake 作为状语,形容的是主语 the little girl,并表达了因果关系,说明后句中为何 (is/was) crying loudly.

整句的意思连贯起来就是：

（因为）被蛇（的模样）吓了一跳,小女孩哭得很大声.

2.I hurried 表示了现在陈述的是过去发生的一件事,赶到机场之后发现我原本要搭乘的飞机“已经起飞了”

这个“已经”发生的时间比“我赶到机场”更早,所以用过去完成时 had taken off.

it's "the plane" that had taken off,从句中,the plane 是主语,I wanted to take 补语,had taken off 谓语.