x^2-y^2-2x-4y-3
=x^2-2x+1-y^2-4y-4
=(x^2-2x+1)-(y^2+4y+4)
=(x-1)^2-(y+2)^2
=(x-1+y+2)(x-1-y-2)
=(x+y+1)(x-y-3)