虚拟语气
结构 条件句 主句
现在 过去式 be用 were should
过去 had done should / would have done
将来 did / should /were to should / would do
If I had money now,we should buy it without a moment’s hesitation.
If you had attended the wedding ceremony yesterday,you would have met Jam.
If you dropped the vase,it would break into pieces.
注：
(1) if 省略
Were he in my position,he would do the same.
Had it not been for / Were it not for (如果没有) their help,we wouldn’t have overcome these difficulty
(2) 混合虚拟
If I had asked her for advice yesterday,I should know what to do now.
(3) 含蓄虚拟 (otherwise ,without ,but for)
Without air,there would be no living things.
But for your help we couldn’t have succeeded in the contest.
(4) 虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用 (should可省略)
相关动词：ask ,desire ,demand ,advise ,suggest（建议） ,require ,request ,insist（坚持要求） ,recommend ,order (包括主语从句)
(5) wish 的虚拟
did 现在不肯实现的愿望 should do 将来不可实现的愿望
had done 过去不能实现的愿望
(6) would rather 的虚拟
sb would rather sb did / had done
I would rather you paid me now.
She would rather you had arrived last night.
(7) It is time that did (到了 的时候)
It is about time I decided something.
4.分词
（1）现在分词
形式 a.doing being done
b.having done having been done
a.表示的动作与谓语动词一般同时进行
b.表示的动作在谓语动词之前完成
定语 The boy standing there is a classmate of mine.
表语 The story sounds interesting.
宾补 （see watch hear feel find get keep etc.） We heard her singing in her room.
Compared with infinitive 不定式表示动作发生了,分词表示正在进行
状语 伴随 doing She sat at the desk reading a newspaper.
表原因 being adj.Being ill,he went home.
表示时间 (while doing) While walking along the sands ,Tom saw the mark.
表完成 having done having been done(放句首)
（2）过去分词 done
表示完成或被动的动词
定语 A broken cup is lying on the ground.
表语 The cup is broken.
宾补 I must get my bike repaired.
状语 Once（一旦）seen,it can never be forgotten
注：不能被动 break out belong to appear happen take place come true
5.定语从句
关系代词及副词
Who whom whose 指人 Who is the man whom you just talked to?
Which 指物（具体） The film which we saw last night was wonderful.
That 指物（抽象） The news that I learned from the radio is exciting.
when 作时间状语= prep.which I will never forget the day on which (when) I joined the team.
Where 指地点= prep.which This is the house where I lived two years ago.
Why指原因= for which I want to know the reason why you are late for school.
注：关于that
序数词有that The first English film that I saw was “Modern Times”
最高级用that This road is the nearest that leads to the City Library
有人有物用that We talked about things and persons that we remembered in the school.
有only all any very 用that Everything,something etc.用that
There be 指人用that There is a seat in the corner that is still f