语法1.情态动词的分类:(具体点)

1个回答

  • 情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义,表示说话人的情绪,态度或语气的动词,但不能单独作谓语,只能和其他动词原形构成谓语.

    编辑本段分类:

    情态动词有四类:

    ①只做情态动词:must,can(could),may(might),ought to

    ②可做情态动词又可做实义动词:need,dare

    ③可做情态动词又可做助动词:shall(should),will(would)

    ④具有情态动词特征:have(had) to,used to

    编辑本段位置:

    情态动词在句中放在谓语动词之前,谓语动词前若有助动词,则在助动词之前,疑问句中,情态动词则在主语之前.

    I can see you.Come here.

    我能看见你,过来吧.

    He must have been away.

    他一定走了.

    What can I do for you?

    你要什么?

    How dare you treat us like that!

    你怎能那样对待我们!

    编辑本段特点:

    情态动词无人称和数的变化,情态动词后面跟的动词需用原形,否定式构成是在情态动词后面加 "not".个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式,过去式用来表达更加客气,委婉的语气,时态性不强,可用于过去,现在或将来.情态动词属非及物动词,故没有被动语态.

    He could be here soon.

    他很快就来.

    We can't carry the heavy box.

    我们搬不动那箱子.

    I'm sorry I can't help you.

    对不起,我帮不上你.

    基本助动词与情态助动词最主要的区别之一是,基本助动词本身没有词义,而情态助动词则有自己的词义,能表示说话人对有关动作或状态的看法,或表示主观设想:

    What have you been doing since?(构成完成进行体,本身无词义)

    I am afraid I must be going.(一定要)

    You may have read some account of the matter.(或许已经)

    除此之外,情态助动词还有如下词法和句法特征:

    1) 除ought和used以外,其他情态动词后面只能接不带to的不定式.如果我们把ought to和used to看做是固定词组的话,那么,所有情态动词无一例外地只能接不带to的不定式:

    We used to grow beautiful roses.

    I asked if he would come and repair my television set.

    2) 情态助动词在限定动词词组总是位居第一:

    They need not have been punished so severely.

    3) 情态助动词用于第三人称单数现在时的时候,没有词形变化,即其词尾无-s形式:

    She dare not say what she thinks.

    4) 情态动词没有非限定形式,即没有不定式和分词形式,也没有相应的动名词:

    Still,she needn't have run away.

    5) 情态助动词的“时”的形式并不是时间区别的主要标志.在不少场合,情态助动词的现在时和过去时形式都可以表示现在、过去或将来时间:

    Would you mind very much if I ask you to do something?

    She told him he ought not to have done it.

    6) 情态助动词之间是相互排斥的,即在一个限定动词词组中只能出现一个情态助动词,但有时却可以与have和be基本助动词连用:

    You should have washed the wound.

    Well,you shouldn't be reading a novel.

    编辑本段用法

    首先它是动词,而且不同于行为动词,行为动词表示的是可以通过行为来表达的动作(如写,读,跑),而情态动词只是表达的一种想法(如能,也许,敢).

    用法是:情态动词+行为动词原形

    例句:I can read this sentence in English.

    我能用英语读这句话.

    情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义,表示说话人的情绪,态度或语气的动词,但不能单独作谓语,只能和其他动词原形构成谓语.

    We can be there on time tomorrow.我们明天能按时去那儿.

    May I have your name?我能知道你的名字吗?

    Shall we begin now?我们现在就开始吗?

    You must obey the school rules.你必须遵守校规.

    情态动词数量不多,但用途广泛,主要有下列:

    can (could),may (might),must,need,ought to,dare (dared),shall (should),will (would),have (to) ,had better.

    编辑本段功能

    助动词(auxiliary)主要有两类:基本助动词(primary auxiliary)和情态助动词(modal auxiliary).基本助动词有三个:do,have和be;情态助动词有十三个:may,might; can,could; will,would; shall,should; must,need,dare,used to,ought to.上述两类助动词的共同特征是,在协助主动词构成限定动词词组时,具有作用词的功能:

    1) 构成否定式:

    He didn't go and neither did she.

    The meeting might not start until 5 o'clock.

    2) 构成疑问式或附加疑问式:

    Must you leave right now?

    You have been learning French for 5 years,haven't you?

    3) 构成修辞倒装:

    Nowhere can he obtain any information about his sister.

    Hardly had he arrived when she started complaining.

    4) 代替限定动词词组:

    A:Who can solve this crossword puzzle?

    B:Tom can.

    A:Shall I write to him?

    B:Yes,do.