在英语中,时态是英语语法中的难点之一,它种类多,容易混淆,下面笔者通过几种时态比较,帮助英语学习者理解和掌握时态的用法.
1.现在一般时与现在完成时
1) I come from Shanghai(上海人）
I have come from Shanghai（从上海来）
2) You read very well.(强调能力）
You‘ve read very well.（强调一次刚完成的动作）
3) I forget.(一时想不起来了）
I have forgotten.（仍没想起来,可能已回忆起来了）
4) The book is written in simple English.(表状态）
The book has been written in simple English.（表动态,已用英语写成）
5) Every time I see him,he‘s been reading.（两个动作不可能同时进行）Every time I have seen him,he‘s been reading.(强调两个动作同时进行）
6) He is gone.(强调状态）He has gone （强调动作和时间）
7) He won‘t come till the play begins.(演出开始时）
He won‘t come till the play has begun.（戏已开始）
8) After I leave school,I‘ll go to college.（两个动作紧密相接）
After I have left school,I‘ll go to college.（强调毕业后,两个动作可能有间隔）
9) It is a long time since I saw you last.It‘s been a long time since I saw you last.(这两句话一样,后一句是美国英语）
10) Where are you?(在哪）Where have you been?(去了哪）
2.现在一般时与现在进行时
1) He works hard.（强调始终如一）He is working hard.（强调现在）
2) What do you do?(干什么工作的）What are you doing?（在干什么）
3) Here comes the bus!(表高兴和欣慰）
The bus is coming.（汽车到来的情景）
4) I forget him name.I‘m forgetting his name.(差点把他的名字忘了）
5) You don‘t eat much.(强调胃口不大）
You‘re not eating much.（你怎么不吃呀）
6) The match starts at 7 o‘clock.(比较固定,不宜改变）
The match is starting at 7 o‘clock.（可以改变）
7) Tom always comes late.Tom is always coming late.(表示不满,责备）
8)Tom goes to college now.
Tom is going to college now.(这两句区别不大,后者更生动）
9） I tell you.（我可以告诉你）
I‘m telling you.(我告诉你吧,有感情色彩）
10) He always sleeps in the afternoon.
He is always sleeping in the afternoon.(后者意味着整个下午都睡掉了）
11) I expect you to phone me.( 几乎等于命令）
I‘m expecting you to phone me.（婉转）
12) What do you say?What are you saying?(你说些什么呀,表说话人惊讶,不满）
12) I find that the book is too difficult for me.(强调结果） I‘m finding that the book is too difficult for me.(强调过程,逐渐感到）
13) Apples cost more these days.(强调事实)
Apples are costing more these days.(越来越贵)
14) He always thinks of others.
He‘s always thinking of others.(表示赞扬)
15) Whenever I see him,he argues with somebody.(强调两个动作有先后) Whenever I see him,he is arguing with somebody.(强调两个动作同时进行)
16) I hope you‘ll give us some advice.
I‘m hoping you‘ll give us some advice.(表示语气婉转)
17) I must go.(我应该去)I must be going.(我该走了)
18) We can discuss this while we eat.(说话是没用餐)
We can discuss this while we are eating.(进餐已开始)