（1）Lawley A., et al. Paper presented at NATO Advanced workshop on Science and Technology of Rapid Solidification and Proceedings. June 21-24, 1994, Westpoint, NY
答：会议论文,作者A. Lawley等人,会议时间在1994年.
（2）Roger A F. United Kingdom Patent. GB 2179200A,1987
答：专利文献,作者是A. F. Roger,英国专利,授予时间为1987年.
（3）ASTM A 370-77 Mechanical Testing of steel Products
答：标准文献,编号为ASTM A 370-77.
（4）Martinez L G T. Ph.D. Dissertation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA. 1990
答：博士学位论文,作者是L. G. T. Martinez,授予机构：麻省理工学院,授予时间为1990年.