1.either 和neither的用法和区别 2、rather than 与 instead of 还有instead

2个回答

  • 1,either与neither可用作形容词、代词、副词和连词等,它们的用法如下:

    一、用作形容词.起定语作用,常放在单数名词前.either表示“这个或者那个”;neither表示“既非这个、也非那个,两者皆非的”.如:

    You may use either book.两本书你可以随便用一本.

    Neither answer is right. 两个答案都不对.

    二、用作代词.范围多限定于两者之间,常用作主语.作主语时后面跟单数动词.either表示“二者之一”; neither表示“两者都不”,其反义词是both.如:

    Either of the knives is useful. 两把刀都有用.

    Neither of them was in good health, but both worked very hard. 他们两人身体都不好,但都努力地工作.

    三、用作副词.either只用于否定句中,表示“也(不)”;neither通常用在句子(或简略答语)的开头,表示“也不”,其后要用倒装语序(即:将主语放在助动词、情态动词、连系动词be之后).如:

    I don’t speak French. She doesn’t, either.

    (=Neither I nor she speaks French.) 我不会讲法语,她也不会讲法语.

    If she won’t go, neither shall I.

    (=If she won’t go, I won’t, either.) 要是她不去,我也不去.

    四、用作连词.构成短语either…or…与neither…nor…,分别表示“要么……要么……,或者……或者……”和“既不……也不……,既非……也非……”.常用来连接两个并列成分,如并列主语、并列谓语等.但应注意以下几点:

    1.无论either…or…还是neither…nor…,在连接两个并列的单数名词作主语时,后面动词用单数.

    2.若连接两个复数名词作主语,后面动词用复数.

    3.如果一个单数名词和一个复数名词一起作主语时,动词的单复数形式必须和最靠近的一个主语保持一致.人称代词作主语也一样.如:

    Either Mary or Rose is coming. 不是玛丽来,就是罗斯来.

    2,rather than通常表达宁可……,也不愿……,带有倾向性的,表示喜欢一个不喜欢另一个.I would like an apple rather than a peach.

    instead of只是一个代替另一个,翻译为而不是……

    rather than 是连词,表否定后边的,"而不是."

    instead of 是副词, 意思跟rather than差不多, 都表示否定后面的部分,只是在句子中的位置有些区别

    1994年高考题果然出现这样的试题:Rather than______on a crowded bus,he always prefers______a bicycle.

    A.ride;ride B.riding;ride C.to ride;riding D.ride;to ride

    所给答案是D.

    一、rather than用作连词,连接两个平行结构.既可以表示主观愿望上的决择,“与其…宁可…”,也可以表示客观程度上的差异,“与其说是…不如说是…”.例如:

    1、接代词

    1)I,rather than you,should do the work.

    该做这工作的是我,而不是你.

    2、接名词

    2)John ought to go rather than Jean.约翰比琴更应该去.

    3)I think I'll have a cold drink rather than coffee.

    我想我该要一杯冷饮,而不要咖啡.

    试比较:

    4)We sometimes eat rice instead of potatoes.

    有时候我们不吃土豆,而吃米饭.

    3、接形容词

    5)These shoes are comfortable rather than for your friend.

    这鞋不好看可是舒服.

    6)You are doing this for yourself rather than for your friend.

    你不是为你朋友,而是为你自己做这种事.

    7)I'd prefer to go in August rather than in July.我愿8月去不愿7月去.

    5、接动名词

    8)I always prefer starting early,rather than leaving everything to the last minute,

    我总是愿意早开始而不愿意把所有事情都留到最后才做.

    9)He was engaged in writing a letter rather than reading the newspaper.

    他那时是在写信而不是看报纸.

    6、接过去分词

    10)She insisted on having the room papered rather than painted.

    她坚持要用纸裱糊房间,而不是把房间粉刷一下.

    7、接不定式

    11)I decided to write rather than telephone.我决定写信而不是打电话.

    12)They prefer to die fighting rather than live in enslavement.

    他们宁可战死,也不肯活着受奴役.

    13)I prefer to work rather than remain idle.我宁愿工作而不愿闲着.

    8、接谓语动词

    14)He told a lie rather than get his friend into trouble.

    他宁愿说谎也不愿连累朋友.

    15)Shall we go for a walk rather than watch television?

    咱们不看电视,出去散步,好不好?

    16)He ran rather than walked.他跑步而不是步行.

    rather than后接动词原形表示主观抉择,接一个动词的过去式则表示客观差异.

    9、接从句

    17)It was what he meant rather than what he said.

    那是指他话中的意思,而不是他所说的话.

    18)It was what he had caten rather than what he had drunk that made him ill.使他得病的不是他喝的东西,而是他吃的东西.

    二、rather than用作介词

    R.Quirk编著的《英语语法大全》p.1387明确指出:和as well as及in stead of一样,rather than后面跟一个和母句中的动词形式并不匹配的ing分词分句时,它是介词,而不是准并列连词:

    19)Their actions precipitated the war rather than averting it.

    他们的行为促使战争爆发而不是避免战争.

    20)Rather than a new car,he bought a colour television.

    他买了一台彩电,而不是一辆新车.

    21)Let's finish the job today,rather than leaving it till tomorrow.

    让咱们今天干完工作,而不是留到明天.

    三、rather than用作从属连词,引导一种优选分句.

    R.Quirk在《英语语法大全》p.1540指出:优先分句主要用从属连词rather than和sooner than引导,用不带to的不定式作该分句的谓语动词:

    22)Rather than go there by air,I'd take the slowest train.

    我宁愿乘最慢的火车,也不愿乘飞机去那儿.

    祝你学习进步!

    希望能够帮助到您

    谢谢您!