origins of English surnames are mainly thoes as following :
1.Directly borrowed Christian name,such as：Clinton.
2.Add with affixes which expressed on the blood relationship ,such as the suffix-s,-son,-ing; prefix M'-,Mc- ,Mac-,Fitz-etc,whihc are expressed sons or offsprings.
3.Add that the identity of former additional affixes,such as the St .-,De-,Du =,La-,Le-.
4.Reflect the names,landscape or environmental features,such as Brook,Hill and so on.
5.Reflect the status or profession,such as:Carter,Smith.
6.Reflect the personal characteristics,such as:Black,Longfellow.
7.Use animal and plant names,such as Bird,Rice.
8.originate from the double surname combination,such as Burne-Jones.English surname given name despite the relatively late,but the number is much larger.Commonly used are:Smith,Miller,Johnson,Brown,Jones,Williams.