楼主的例句代表性比较强.
这是一个过去分词短语作定语的句子.其中delayed by the storm是过去分词作定于修饰主语the flight.提取主系表结果则是the flight is for xiamen.翻译整句就是“因暴风雨而延误的航班是飞往厦门的”.那如果转换定语从句的话,自然是把定语转换成从句,也就是delayed by the storm部分.这里面,过去分词表示被动,这一点我们从句意上也能判断.那转换得到的定语从句应该是which is delayed by the storm,所以全句应是the flight which is delayed by the storm is fro xiamen.
再举一个例子,例如the storm delaying the flight is called meihua.这句话的意思是使航班延误的暴风雨的名字是“梅花”.这里,delaying the flight是现在分词,也是作定语出现,修饰主语storm,那转换定语从句时应该用主动语态,the storm which delayed the flight is called meihua.
举一个状语的例子,例如Delayed by the storm,the flight has to be rescheduled.意思是由于因为暴风雨而延误,航班必须要重新安排时间.这里,过去分词短语delayed by the storm是原因状语,这一点需要由句意判断.转换从句的话,则应该加上关系副词,because,则because the flight is delayed by the storm,it has to be recheduled.
另外,还需要区分定语从句和状语从句内部的语法结构,比较复杂,而且离这个问题比较远,以后若有机会再和楼主讨论.