隐喻：metaphor
借喻：metonymy
提喻：synecdoche
metaphor uses words to indicate something different from their literal meaning—— one thing is described in terms of another so as to suggest a likeness or analogy between them.隐喻有几个要点：1.最新的 2.相似性(similarity),这点很重要,本体和喻体要有相似性 3.一致性
two things in comparison,and this comparison is implied rather than stated.
eg:the theory needs more support.这个support就是一个隐喻,相当于把theory比喻成房子,需要地基支撑、支持,引申到支持观点、理论.
eg:he is the apple of her eye.这个就表示很重要的人,掌上明珠之类的.
借喻、换喻、借代：metonymy is a figure of speech in which the name of one thing is used in place of another that is associated with or suggested by it.它和暗喻的区别在于,借喻中两者要求不是相似,而是有联系,同一类事物.
eg:will you play me some Chopin?这个地方,chopin是人名,用其来指代他的作品、音乐.
eg:the kettle is boiling.（kettle 指代water in it.）
eg:tongue——eloquence; brain——knowledge,wisdom or reason; Fleet Street—— the British press
通常说来,借代可以由地点代某个特定的东西、人名代他的作品或与之相关的理论、器具或容器代里面所盛放的物品、人的某些特定器官代它所赋予的意义和作用.
提喻synecdoche is a figure by which a more comprehensive term is used for a less comprehensive or vice versa; as whole for part or part for whole; genus for species or species for genus etc.最主要的区别方法就是一般提喻和整体、局部或是和种类、特殊,还有抽象、具体有关.
eg：Italy beat Spain in the football match.这里,意大利和西班牙其实就是用整体来代替部分,即“意大利的球队”和“西班牙的球队”.
eg:he paid the workers $5 per head.这里,head是指“人头”,部分（头）代替整体（每个人）
eg:i had the muscle and they made money out of it.这里,muscle是个具体的名词,代替一个抽象名词:strength.
不知我的解释是否清楚了?