英语句子成分怎么判断如何判断谓语表语宾语.的 我知道谓语表示主语的做什么等等但不知道怎么知道 有什么诀窍书看了好多

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  • 组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分.英语句子成分有主语,谓语,表语,宾语,宾语补足语,定语,状语等.

    顺序一般是主语,谓语,宾语,宾语补足语,而表语,定语,状语的位置要根据情况而定.

    1、主语

    主语表示句子主要说明的人或事物,一般由名词,代词,数词,不定式等充当.

    He likes watch'ing TV. 他喜欢看电视.

    2、谓语

    谓语说明主语的动作,状态或特征.

    一般可分为两类:

    1),简单谓语

    由动词(或短语动词)构成.

    可以有不同的时态,语态和语气.

    We stud'y for the peo'ple. 我们为人民学习.

    2),复合谓语:情态动词+不定式

    I can speak a lit'tle Eng'lish. 我可以说一点英语.

    3、表语

    表语是谓语的一部分,它位于系动词如be之后,说明主语身份,特征,属性或状态.一般由名词,代词,形容词,副词,不定式,介词短语等充当.

    My sis'ter is a nurse. 我姐姐是护士.

    4、宾语

    宾语表示动作行为的对象,跟在及物动词之后,能作宾语的有名词,代词,数词,动词不定式等.

    We like Eng'lish. 我们喜欢英语.

    有些及物动词可以带两个宾语,往往一个指人,一个指物,指人的叫间接宾语,指物的叫直接宾语.

    He gave me som'e ink. 他给了我一点墨水.

    有些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语,意思才完整,宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语.如:

    We make him our mon'itor. 我们选他当班长.

    5、定语

    在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语.

    用作定语的主要是形容词,代词,数词,名词,副词,动词不定式,介词短语等.形容词,代词,数词,名词等作定语时,通常放在被修饰的词前面.

    He is a new stu'dent. 他是个新生.

    但副词,动词不定式,介词短语等作定语时,则放在被修饰的词之后.

    The bike in the room is mine. 房间里的自行车是我的.

    6、状语

    修饰动词,形容词,副词以及全句的句子成分,叫做状语.用作状语的通常是副词,介词短语,不定式和从句等.状语一般放在被修饰的词之后或放在句尾.副词作状语时可放在被修饰的词前或句首.

    He lives in Lon'don. 他住在伦敦.

    http://zhidao.baidu.com/question/1660246.html

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    比如说

    i love you.

    i 就是主格,表示“我”这个人,及动作或是行为的发出,实施者.

    you 即是宾格,表示“你”,是动作或是行为的接受者,表被动状态.

    明白了吗

    人称代词里的:主格放在句首做主语和表语,宾格放在句末或句中做动词和介词的宾语.

    打个比方,主人邀请宾客,主格就像主人,宾格就像宾客.主格在动词前面,宾格在动词或介词后面.

    英语中的人称代词(Personal Pronouns)有主格、宾格和之分,如:

    I, me, my ; he, him, his ; they, them,their等.

    顾名思义,主格(The nominative case)用作主语,宾格(The objective case)用作宾语,所有格(The possessive case)则表示所有之物.

    在实际运用中,主格和宾格代词有时会混淆.下面是常见的问题:

    ⒈在复合结构里,人称代词的主格和宾格在单独使用时,没有问题,如很少人会犯下这样的错误:

    *(1)Wilcox spoke to I.

    *(2)Her knew what had happened.

    但在复合结构中,错误就难免了,如:

    *(3)Wilcox spoke to my friend and I.

    *(4)He and her knew what had happened.

    *(5)This is between you and he.

    这种错误是可避免的.第一,在有介词的复合结构中,特别要注意,第二个人称代词,必须用宾语,如:"for you and me"和 "between Maria and him".第二,试把复合结构中的另一部分暂时用括号围起来,那么该用的格就容易辨别了,如:

    (6)This message is for (My father and) I or me.

    (7)(Marry and) he or him went downtown together.

    显然的,(5)里的代词是宾格的"me", (6)里的代词是主格的"he".

    ⒉在比较结构里,连接词"as"或"than"后面,按理用主格式,但在口语中,人们常用宾格形式,学美式英语者,更是如此:

    (8)a. You did as well as she.

    b. You did as well as her.

    (9)a. I am older than he.

    b. I am older than him.

    (a)和(b)两种说法,都可接受.但如果"as"和"than"后头分句的主语和词动都要完整出现的话,这时的人称代词,就必须是主格,如下:

    (10)You did as well as she did.

    (11)I am older than he is .

    此外,还有一点要注意,就是"as"和"than"后面虽然在语法上用主格好,用宾格也可,但是有时意思会有所不同.试比较(a)和(b):

    (12)a. Jason praised Maria more highly than I.

    b. Jason praised Maria more highly than me.

    (12)a和b都被接受,但(12)a等于(13)a,而(12)b等于(13)B:

    (13)a. Jason praised Maria more highly than I did (= I praised Maria).

    b. Jason praised Maria more highly than he praised me.

    显然,这两句的深层意思大有差别.遇到这种情形,为了避免误解,不妨根据要表达的意思用完整的句式表达出来.换句话说,必要的话,要用(13)这句子.

    不然,把(13)a变成(14), (13)b变成(15)也可:

    (14)I did not praise Maria as highly as Jason did.

    (15)Jason did not praise me as highly as he praised Maria.

    ========================

    一般现在时的用法

    1) 经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用.

    时间状语: every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday

    I leave home for school at 7 every morning.

    2) 客观真理,客观存在,科学事实.

    The earth moves around the sun.

    Shanghai lies in the east of China.

    3) 表示格言或警句中.

    Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败.

    注意:此用法如果出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时.

    例:Columbus proved that the earth is round..

    4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性.

    I don't want so much.

    Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.

    比较:Now I put the sugar in the cup.

    I am doing my homework now.

    第一句用一般现在时,用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作,表示言行的瞬间动作.再如:Now watch me, I switch on the current and stand back. 第二句中的now是进行时的标志,表示正在进行的动作的客观状况,所以后句用一般现在时.

    ////////////一般现在时表将来

    1)下列动词:come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时表将来.这主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情.

    The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.

    When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes.

    2)倒装句,表示动作正在进行,如:

    Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming.

    There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing.

    3)在时间或条件句中.

    When Bill comes (不是will come), ask him to wait for me.

    I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there.

    4)在动词hope, take care that, make sure that等后.

    I hope they have a nice time next week.

    Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room.