解题思路:两对等位基因共同控制生物性状时,F2中出现的表现型异常比例
(1)12:3:1即(9A_B_+3A_bb):3aaB_:1aabb或(9A_B_+3aaB_):3A_bb:1aabb
(2)9:6:1即9A_B_:(3A_bb+3aaB_):1aabb
(3)9:3:4即9A_B_:3A_bb:(3aaB_+1aabb)或9A_B_:3aaB_:(3A_bb+1aabb)
(4)13:3即(9A_B_+3A_bb+1aabb):3aaB_或(9A_B_+3aaB_+1aabb):3A_bb
(5)15:1即(9A_B_+3A_bb+3aaB_):1aabb
(6)9:7即9A_B_:(3A_bb+3aaB_+1aabb)
F2的分离比分别是15:1、9:3:4、13:3,这些都是“9:3:3:1”的变式,说明F1的基因型为AaBb.
(1)F2的分离比分别是15:1时,即(9A_B_+3A_bb+3aaB_):1aabb,F1与纯合隐性个体测交,后代的分离比为(1AaBb+1Aabb+1aaBb):1aabb=3:1;
(2)F2的分离比分别是9:3:4时,即9A_B_:3A_bb:(3aaB_+1aabb)或9A_B_:3aaB_:(3A_bb+1aabb),F1与纯合隐性个体测交,后代的分离比为1AaBb:1Aabb:(1aaBb+1aabb)=1:1:2或1AaBb:1aaBb:(1Aabb+1aabb)=1:1:2;
(3)F2的分离比分别是13:3时,即(9A_B_+3A_bb+1aabb):3aaB_或(9A_B_+3aaB_+1aabb):3A_bb,F1与纯合隐性个体测交,后代的分离比为(1AaBb+1Aabb+1aabb):1aaBb=3:1或(1AaBb+1aaBb+1aabb):1Aabb=3:1.
故选:C.
点评:
本题考点: 基因的自由组合规律的实质及应用.
考点点评: 本题考查基因自由组合定律的实质及应用,解答本题的关键是掌握两对等位基因共同控制生物性状时,F2中出现的几种表现型异常比例,能在不同情况下推断基因型与表现型之间的对应关系,进而根据题中比例答题.