当代英语中,通常用it 做形式主语,将不定式和动名词置于谓语后面,特别是主语较长时,或在一些习惯用法中.
1) 谓语是系表结构(be + 形容词 / 名词)时,常将不定式后置,构成句型 “it + be + 表语(形容词 / 名词)+ 不定式”.
例 1 It is my duty to care for that patient.
照料那位病人是我的职责.(做主语的不定式to care for that patient 后置,it 为形式主语)
例 2 It is not an easy thing to master a foreign language.
掌握一门外语不是件容易的事.
例 3 It isn’t right to speak ill of someone behind his back.
在别人背后说坏话是不对的.
2) 当谓语是 take,make,pay,cost ,require,feel,need 等动词时,或者是与情绪有关的动词 delight,amuse,excite,annoy,irritate 等时,习惯上常用 it 做形式主语,并将不定式后置.
例 1 It takes only ten minutes to get there.
到那儿只需十分钟.
例 2 It pays to be honest.
诚实是不会吃亏的.
例 3 It feels good to stay away from the crowded city.
能远离拥挤的城市,感觉真不错.
例 4 It annoyed her to see someone spit on the ground.
看见有人随地吐痰让她很生气.