当λ =0或a =0向量或 b =0向量时,(λ a )• b =0,λ (a • b ) =0,a • ( λ b ).=0,
(λ a )• b = λ (a • b ) = a • ( λ b ).成立
当λ ≠0且a ≠0向量或且b ≠0向量时,设a,b夹角为θ,
当λ >0时,λa 与a同向,则λa 与b的夹角=a与b的夹角=θ;λb 与b同向,则λb 与a的夹角=a与b的夹角=θ,
(λ a )• b =|λ a| |b|cosθ =|λ ||a| |b|cosθ =λ |a| |b|cosθ
λ (a • b ) = λ |a| |b|cosθ
a • ( λ b ).= |a| |λb|cosθ =|λ| |a| |b|cosθ =λ |a| |b|cosθ
(λ a )• b = λ (a • b ) = a • ( λ b ).成立
当λ