英语的被动语态和主动语态怎么转换?

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  • 主动语态和被动语态 1 .在英语中,动词有两种语态,即主动语态( The Active Voice )和被动语态.( The Passive Voice ).主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者.实际上被动语态的主语是由主动语态的谓语动词的宾语转变而来的,因此这个谓语动词必须是及物动词.被动语态是由助动词 be + 过去分词构成,当然,被动语态也有多种时态,它的时态变化都体现在助动词 be 上,后面的过去分词不变.被动语态的谓语动词的执行者可由 by 引出,往往放在句末.如不强调动作的执行者时,可省略不用.例如:Many people speak English.(主动语态) English is spoken by many people.(被动语态) 2 .一般现在时被动语态的构成:当谓语是一般现在时的时候,被动语态由“ be (am,is,are) + 及物动词的过去分词”构成.助动词“ be ”随人称、数的变化而改变.例如:This knife is made of wood and metal.Bananas are produced in Hainan.I am taken care of by my uncle.3 .被动语态的用法:当说话者不知道动作的执行者或没有必要指出动作的执行者时,只需要强调动作的承受者,要求使用被动语态.如果需要在被动语态中指出动作的执行者时由介词 by 引导.Chinese is spoken by the largest number of people in the world.中文是全世界被最多人口所讲的语言.4 .主动语态改写成被动语态的方法:将主动语态的宾语变成主语,将主动语态的谓语变成被动式 be + 过去分词,主动语态的主语变成被动语态句中 by 的宾语(或省略).如果主动语态中有两个宾语(直接宾语或间接宾语),可以把其中任意一个变成被动语态的主语.例如:Most middle school students play football.主语 谓语 宾语 Football is played by most middle school students.My teacher gives me a lot of book.(主动语态) 主语 谓语 间宾 直宾 被动语态:I am given a lost of books by my teacher.被动语态:A lot of books are given to me by my teacher.5 .被动语态的疑问形式:被动语态的疑问句形式是在肯定句的基础上,把 be 动词提到句首,句末加问号构成的.如:Is the kite made by Xiao Ming?这个风筝是小明做的吗?其肯定回答和否定回答分别为:Yes,it is.是的,它是.No,it isn ' t.不,不是.6 .被动语态的否定形式:被动语态的否定形式是在肯定句中的系动词后加 not 构成的.例如:The cake isn ' t made by his mother.蛋糕不是他妈妈做的.