英语(请看补充说明)请各位英语好的前辈们请教告诉我一些英语中关于语法的专有名词,越多越好,再附上解释.(有例句再好不过了

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  • 看看是不是你要找的

    Adjectives and Adverbs

    Adjectives are used to modify nouns,e.g.The dog is loud.– What is the dog like?– loud

    Adverbs are used to modify verbs,adjectives or other adverbs,e.g.The dog barks loudly.– How does the dog bark?– loudly

    Adjective or Adverb

    Adjectives are used to modify nouns:

    The dog is loud.

    Adverbs are used to modify verbs,adjectives or other adverbs:

    The dog barks loudly.

    Linking Verbs

    Some verbs can only be used with adjectives,others might change their meaning when used with an adverb.

    verb used with an adjective used with an adverb

    look look good (= appearance) look well (= have a good sense of sight)

    feel feel good (= state of health/mind) feel well (= have a good sense of touch)

    smell smell good (= odour) smell well (= have a good sense of smell)

    taste taste good (= preference) taste well (= have a good sense of taste)

    The following verbs can only be used with adjectives:

    be

    become

    get

    grow

    keep

    remain

    seem

    sound

    stay

    turn

    Form and Comparison of Adverbs

    Adverbs are used to express how something is done (adjectives express how someone or something is).

    Example:The dog sleeps quietly.The dog is absolutely quiet.

    Form

    In general:adjective + -ly

    adjective adverb

    slow slowly

    Exceptions in spelling

    exception example

    silent e is dropped in true,due,whole true → truly

    y becomes i happy → happily

    le after a consonant is dropped sensible → sensibly

    after ll only add y full → fully

    Adjectives ending in -ic:adjective + -ally (exception:public-publicly)

    adjective adverb

    fantastic fantastically

    Adjectives ending in -ly:use ‘in a … way / manner’ or another adverb with similar meaning

    adjective adverb

    friendly in a friendly way

    in a friendly manner

    likely probably

    Exceptions

    adjective adverb (meaning) adverb (meaning)

    good well

    difficult with difficulty

    public publicly

    deep deep (place) deeply (feeling)

    direct direct directly (=soon)

    hard hard hardly (=seldom)

    high high (place) highly (figurative)

    late late lately (=recently)

    most most mostly (=usually)

    near near nearly (=almost)

    pretty pretty (=rather) prettily

    short short shortly (=soon)

    The following adjectives are also used as adverbs (without modification):daily,enough,early,far,fast,hourly,little,long,low,monthly,much,straight,weekly,yearly,…

    Comparison of Adjectives

    Exercise on Positive Form and Comparison of Adjectives

    Positive Form

    Use the positive form of the adjective if the comparison contains one of the following expressions:

    as … as

    Example:Jane is as tall as John.

    not as … as / not so … as

    Example:John is not as tall as Arnie.

    Comparative Form and Superlative Form (-er/-est)

    one-syllable adjectives (clean,new,cheap)

    two-syllable adjectives ending in -y or -er (easy,happy,pretty,dirty,clever)

    positive form comparative form superlative form

    clean cleaner (the) cleanest

    Exceptions in spelling when adding -er / -est

    silent ‘e’ is dropped

    Example:late-later-latest

    final ‘y’ after a consonant becomes i

    Example:easy-easier-easiest

    final consonant after short,stressed vowel is doubled

    Example:hot-hotter-hottest

    Comparative Form and Superlative Form (more/most)

    adjectives of three or more syllables (and two-syllable adjectives not ending in -y/-er)

    positive form comparative form superlative form

    difficult more difficult most difficult

    Comparative Form and Superlative Form (irregular comparisons)

    positive form comparative form superlative form

    good better best

    bad / ill worse worst

    little (amount) less least

    little (size) smaller smallest

    much / many more most

    far (place + time) further furthest

    far (place) farther farthest

    late (time) later latest

    late (order) latter last

    near (place) nearer nearest

    near (order) - next

    old (people and things) older oldest

    old (people) elder eldest