Unit3 Why do you like koalas?
1、Let’s see the giraffes first. 让我们先看长颈鹿吧.
let 作及物动词（vt.）,意为“允许；让；使”等,后接名词或代词宾格（作宾语）,再跟不带to的动词不定式（作宾语补足语）,构成let sb. do sth.(让某人做某事)——let后接复合宾语的固定结构.如：
Her parents wouldn’t let her go out with boys. 她的父母不允许她和男孩一起出去.
His wife doesn’t let him smoke. 他妻子不让他抽烟.
He didn’t let us know when to come. 他没有告诉我们什么时候来.
类似的词还有have, make,如：
Shall I have him come here? 要我叫他上这儿来吗?
What makes you ask that? 是什么使得你问那个问题的?
2、Why do you want to see the dolphins? Because they’re very cute.
为什么你想要看海豚?因为它们非常可爱.
3、Why do you like tigers? Because they’re kind of interesting.
为什么喜欢老虎?因为它们有几分有趣.
why作疑问词时,可以用来向对方问及原因,可以用Why?或Why not?二者都是省略句,语气比较强烈,所以常常用because作答.
⑴ “Why?”用来针对肯定的内容发问.例如：
A:What are you going to do tomorrow?
B:Nothing much. Why?(=Why do you ask me that?)
⑵Why not?用来针对否定的内容发问,用在下列几种情况中：
①对一般疑问句的否定回答进一步询问原因时.例如：
A：Do you often go to school by bike?
B:No, I don’t.
A:Why not?(=Why don’t you go to school by bike?)
②对反意疑问句的否定回答进一步询问原因时.例如：
A：You haven’t finished your homework, have you?
B: No, I haven’t.
A: Why not?(=Why haven’t you finished it?)
③对否定陈述句询问原因时.例如：
A：I can’t finish this work in two days.
B:Why not?(=Why can’t you finish it in two days?)
④对表示建议、提议的回答时,形式上是否定,实际上是一种强调肯定的语气.例如：
A：Could you come with me?
B：Why not?(=I can go with you.)
why除了用作疑问句之外,还可以用作引导词（又称感叹句）放在句首或句中作插入语,表示惊奇等各种各样的情绪,不译为“为什么”,根据上下文它可以有“哟,啊呀,哎呀,嗨,噢,呃,啊唷”等不同译法.例如：
①“.” “Next Friday? Why, what’s happening?”“…….”“下星期五?啊,有什么事吗?”
②Why! I thought you were in London.哎呀!我还以为你在伦敦呢!
③Why, it’s quite easy! A child could do it!唔,那是相当容易的!小孩子也会做它!
④Why,what did she say?呃,她说什么?
why 还可用在书和文章的标题中用一种不规范的句子语序也是符合语法的.例如：
Why I am learning English? 我为什么学习英语?
Why the bat comes out only at night? 为什么蝙蝠只在夜里出来?
用“why＋不定式”时,不定式的动词常是不及物动词.例如：
He doesn’t know why to go there.他不知道为什么去那里.
why在口语中可以用作宾语.例如：
Tell me why. 告诉我为什么.
I don’t know why. 我不知道为什么.
Why not go with me?何不跟我一起去?（希望对方也去）
Why don’t you answer this question?为什么不回答这些问题?（疑问）
why don’t是疑问的用法,Why don’t you/we ... do sth?；why not常表示一种建议.
不过某些情况在口语中可以简单地说 why not?
注意：why not 是句口语短语.
5、Lions are from South Africa. 狮子来自南非.
6、Koalas are from Australia. 树袋熊来自澳大利亚.
be from的用法见第一单元.
7、What other animals do you like? 你还喜欢什么其他的动物吗?
other形容词（a. ）,“别的；其它的；另外的；更多的”等意.其用法小结：
other后接单复数均可,other one或other two students.
others（另外的……/别的……/其它的人或物）本身就是复数,等于：other (ones)
the other（两个中的另一个人或物）
one…the other一定范围内两人(物),一个用one,另一个用the other.
some/any other（别的,其它的）：后接单复数均可；every other(隔一……的)：后接单数.
相关词组：
one… the other 一个……另一个……（只有两个）
some… the others 一些……其余的……（有三个以上）
some… others,others…一些……另外一些……另外一些……
others = other people/things
the others = the rest 剩余的全部
1) 泛指另一个用another.
2) 一定范围内两人(物),一个用one,另一个用the other.
3) 一定范围内三者,一个用one,另一个用one (another),第三个可用the other,a third.
4) 一定范围内,除去一部分人/物,剩余的全部用the others.
5) 泛指别的人或物时,用others当在一定范围内,除去一部分后,剩余部分但不是全部时,也用others.
8、Elephants like to play with their friends and eat grass. 大象喜欢和他的朋友一玩耍和吃草.
With作介词（prep.）,在不同的语言环境中,其含义不近相同,在此对with常见的用法做一小结,以供参考.
1) “和……(一起)；跟；同；和”.
She lives with her parents.她和父母住在一起.
Would you go to see a movie with me? 和我一起去看电影好吗?
Mary married a man with a lot of money .马莉嫁给了一个有着很多钱的男人.
I often dream of a big house with a nice garden .我经常梦想有一个带花园的大房子.
The old man lived with a little dog in the little house.这个老人和一条小狗住在小屋里.
2)表一致、赞成：“与……(符合)；赞成……；支持；在……一边”.
I agree with you on how to deal with it .关于此事如何处理,我同意你的看法.
The people are with him. 人民拥护他.
3) “加在……上；连同；还有；包括”：
Do you want sugar with your tea? 你茶里要加糖吗?
4)“具有；有；带有；有……特征；穿着；戴着”：
He is a man with ideas. 他是个有思想的人.
The girl with golden hair looks beautiful .那个金头发的女孩看起来漂亮.
A storm with a hurricane has come onto its way .带有飓风的风暴要来了.
5)表示“在……身上；在……身边”：
Do you have money with you .身上带着钱吗?
I have no money with me. 我身边没有钱.
6)表同时、同一方向、同一程度：“随着……；与……一起”
The big ship is sailing with the wind .这个大船正随风向航行.
And with the last words , she turned away.
随着最后一句话说完,他转身离开了.
7)表手段、工具、材料：“以……；用……；借……”.
I cut the apple with a sharp knife .我用一把锋利的刀削平果.
He drew the picture with a pencil .他用铅笔画画.
He is filling a bottle with water. 他正往瓶里注水.
8)表行为方式：“以……；以……方法”
He stared at the man with wide-open eyes. 他瞪着眼盯着这个人.
9)表伴随的情况或结果：
He offen sleeps with the windows open. 他常常开着窗户睡觉.
The man is standing there with his hands in his pockets. 那人两手插在口袋里站在那儿.
10)表对等、对照、对比：
She sings with the best of them. 她唱得不亚于他们中间最好的歌手.
11)表关系：“对（于）……；关于……”：
She is angry with him. 她对他发怒.
What does that man want with you? 那人要你做什么?
How are you getting along with your work?你的工作进展得如何?
12)表相对、相离、相接：“跟……；对……；与……”
make friends with sb. 和……交朋友
talk /quarrel / struggle / fight /play / work /cooperate with sb.
和某人交谈/吵架/竞争/打架/玩/工作/合作（协作）
You must break with the past. 你必须与过去决裂.
13)表原因,理由：“为……；因……”,作此用法时多半与表情绪的词连用.
John was in bed with high fever .
约翰因发烧卧床.
He jumped up with joy .
他因高兴跳起来.
Father is often excited with wine .
父亲常因白酒变的兴奋.
14)表连结：“在获得……的情况下”：
With your permission, I’ll go. 如果你同意的话,我就去.
15)表让步：“虽然；尽管”
With all his money and fame, he is not happy .
虽然他有着钱和名誉,但是他还是不快乐.
With all his faults, I like him. 尽管他有种种缺点,我还是喜欢他.
16)附带状况：“……着”,作此用法时与名词+副词(短语),形容词(短语)连用,且 with常可省.
with+n./pron.+adv.
With the radio on , Grandma slept deeply in the chair.
收音机开着,奶奶躺在椅子里沉沉地睡着.
With parents away , I always feel lonely.
父母不在,我一直感到孤独.
with+n./pron.+adj.
He left the room with the door open.
门开着,他就离开了.
Don’t talk with your mouse full.
不要嘴里塞满东西说话.
9、Pandas are very beautiful , but they’re very shy, so please be quiet.
熊猫非常漂亮,但是非常害羞,因此请安静.
so 的用法
so作连词（conj.）,表示“所以、因此；为了、以便；只要”,引导目的或结果状语从句（但语气不如because强烈）.
It was raining, so he didn’t go out. 天在下雨,所以他没出去.
I packed him a little food so he wouldn’t get hungry.
我给他包了一点吃的东西,这样他就不致挨饿了.
So it be done, I care not who does it. 我不管谁做,只要把事情做好.
so作副词（ad.）,“这么、那么；像这样、像那样；同样、的确；如此看来、似乎”之意.
so + many, much, few, little, …. 表示“如此……”：
She has so many story-books. 她有如此多的故事书.
so通常置于所修饰的形容词、副词之前,排列顺序为“so＋形容词+a（an）＋名词”.试比较：
I’ve never seen so amusing a film. 我从来没有看过这么有趣的电影.
I’ve never seen suchan amusing film. 我从来没有看过这么有趣的电影.
so＋系动词（助动词或情态动词）＋另一主语.此句型是主谓倒装结构,表示前句所述肯定情况也适用于另一主语.其中so作“也这样；也如此”解.
此时要注意：so后的系动词、助动词或情态动词须同前一句的谓语动词保持一致.如：
I enjoy reading the book and so does my sister. 我喜欢看这本书,我姐姐（妹妹）也喜欢.
so用于肯定句,否定句则用neither.如：
I don’t like carrots. 我不喜欢胡萝卜.
Neither do I.我也不喜欢.
so ＋主语＋系动词（助动词或情态动词）.此句型的主语与前一句的主语相同,因而主谓不倒装.这种句型表示说话者对前句所提到的情况或事实表示赞同,其中so作“不错；确实如此”解.如：
－It is cold today. 今天天气很冷.
－So it is. 不错,是很冷.
10、Koalas sleep during the day, but at night they gets up and eats leaves.
树袋熊白天睡觉,但是在晚上起来吃树叶.
11、A koala is lazy, and it sleeps and relaxes 20 hours every day.
树袋熊很懒,每天睡眠休息20个小时.
12、go to the zoo 去动物园
13、a map of China 一张中国地图