Ving做后置定语,是定语从句的缩略,先行词和动词是(主动)关系.
Three days later, a letter arrived, which summoned me to.
信召唤我去面试,是主动的,把关系代词和谓语去掉,变成Ving. Eg:
I have a friend, who sells shoes.
I have a friend, selling shoes.
如果是被动关系,则去掉.Eg:
I have a friend who is called Xiao Li.
I have a friend called Xiao Li.